一戰(zhàn)中的美國(guó)情況是怎樣的？ 一戰(zhàn)對(duì)美國(guó)的影響是什么？
正解：關(guān)于一戰(zhàn)和美國(guó)
1．美國(guó)的中立與參戰(zhàn)：史煦光認(rèn)為，美國(guó)在一戰(zhàn)中是中立還是參戰(zhàn)、何時(shí)參戰(zhàn)、以何種形式參戰(zhàn)，取決于能否保持其“利益線”。即在戰(zhàn)時(shí)利用戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)，以中立的地位牟取超額利潤(rùn)，并趁機(jī)向世界擴(kuò)張；在戰(zhàn)后能收回戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)貸款，進(jìn)而以仲裁員身份取得國(guó)際事務(wù)的支配權(quán)。美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的直接原因是保持中立的利益線被突破，于是只能以參戰(zhàn)去獲取中立國(guó)不再能有的利益。
2．美國(guó)的調(diào)停外交：吳瑞、楊春龍認(rèn)為，調(diào)停外交是一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國(guó)對(duì)歐政策的一個(gè)重要組成部分，美國(guó)以調(diào)停促成妥協(xié)，將兩大集團(tuán)互相對(duì)峙和牽制的格局繼續(xù)維持到戰(zhàn)后，自身則因勢(shì)乘便為稱霸世界鋪平道路。
額外知識(shí)，等寫完作業(yè)再看：
作為后起的帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家，通過(guò)美西戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)確立了自己世界大國(guó)的地位，在一戰(zhàn)中的美國(guó)又大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)，戰(zhàn)后取代英國(guó)成為世界頭號(hào)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的高速發(fā)展與國(guó)際地位的迅速提高導(dǎo)致美國(guó)社會(huì)的巨大變革。但美國(guó)的法律并沒(méi)有跟上時(shí)代的腳步，19世紀(jì)的分析法學(xué)和形式主義仍是其立法和法律適用的主導(dǎo)思想。
一戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)由中立者向參與者的轉(zhuǎn)變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2005-04-28
58 一戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)由中立者向參與者的轉(zhuǎn)變
THE MAKING OF A NATION - September 6, 2001: Woodrow Wilson, Part 3By Frank Beardsley
VOICE ONE:
The making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America.
(theme)
In nineteen-fourteen, Europe (1)exploded into (2)flames as world war one began. It was a war no nation really wanted. But no nation seemed able to stop it.
The (3)assassination of Austria's (4)archduke Franz Ferdinand in the city of Sarajevo was the (5)spark that set off the explosion.
I'm Kay gallant. Today, Harry Monroe and I tell about the war and how it affected the United States and president Woodrow Wilson.
Voice two:
The Austrian archduke was murdered by (6)Serbian nationalists. They opposed Austrian control of their homeland. After the assassination, Austria (7)declared war on Serbia. One of Serbia's allies was Russia. Russia agreed to help Serbia in any war against Austria.
Austria had (8)allies, too. The most important was Germany. Germany wanted Russia to stay out of the war. When Russia refused, Germany declared war on Russia. Then Germany declared war on Russia's close ally, France. Britain entered the war a
Few days later when Germany violated the (9)neutrality of Belgium.
Voice one:
One nation after another entered the (10)conflict to protect its friends or to honor its treaties. Within a week, most of Europe was at war.
On one side were the central powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary. On the other side were the triple (11)entente allies: France, Britain, and Russia. Many other nations took sides. Bulgaria and turkey joined the central powers. Italy, Romania, (12)Portugal, and Greece joined the allies.
Voice two:
The United States hoped to stay out of the war. President Wilson immediately declared American neutrality. He said: "it is a war with which we have nothing to do, whose causes cannot touch us."
Most Americans agreed with president Wilson. They did not want to get (13)involved in the fighting. However, many found it difficult to remain neutral in their hearts. Some Americans had family roots in Germany. They supported the central powers. A greater number of Americans had family roots in Britain or France. They supported the allies.
Yet the official American policy was neutrality. The United States planned to continue to trade with both sides.
Voice one:
Germany and Austria expected a quick victory in the war. They were caught between two powerful enemies: Russia and France. But German (14)military leaders were not worried. They had a battle plan they were sure would succeed.
The German generals planned to (15)strike quickly at France with most of the German army. They expected to (16)defeat France in a short time and then turn to fight Russia. In this way, the German army would not have to fight both enemies at the same time.
Voice two:
At first, the plan worked. Two-million German (17)soldiers swept across Belgium and into France. They rushed forward toward Paris, hoping for a fast (18)victory. But the German commanders made a mistake. They pushed their men too fast. When British and French forces struck back -- outside Paris -- the tired and worn German soldiers could not hold their positions.
The battle was fierce and unbelievably bloody. In the end, the Germans were forced to (19)withdraw.
The German withdrawal gave the allies time to prepare strong (20)defenses. There was no chance now for a quick German victory. Instead, it would be a long war, with Germany and Austria facing enemies on two sides. Britain and France were on the west. Russia was on the east.
Voice one:
The allies took (21)immediate steps to reduce Germany's trade with the rest of the world. The British navy began (22)seizing war supplies found on neutral ships sailing toward German ports. It then expanded its efforts to (23)block food exports to Germany.
The blockade by Britain and the other allies was very successful. Germany faced possible starvation. Its navy was not strong enough to break the (24)blockade with surface ships. Its only hope was to break the blockade with another naval weapon: submarines.
Germany announced that it would use its (25)submarines to sink any ship that came near the coast of Britain. The threat included ships from neutral nations that tried to continue trading with the allies.
Voice two:
The United States and other neutral nations immediately protested the German announcement. They said it was a clear violation of international law.
When a German submarine sank a British ship in the Irish sea, one of the victims was an American citizen. A few weeks later, an American oil ship was damaged during a sea battle between British navy ships and a German submarine. Then came the most serious incident of all. It involved a British (26)passenger ship called the Lusitania.
The Lusitania was sailing from New York City to Britain when it was attacked by a German Submarine. The Lusitania sank in eighteen minutes. One-thousand two-hundred persons were killed. One-hundred twenty-nine were Americans.
Voice one:
The sinking of the Lusitania shocked and (27)horrified the American people. They called it mass murder. They turned against Germany. President wilson warned that he might declare war on Germany, if Germany continued to sink (28)civilian ships.
Germany did not want war with the United States. It already faced a strong fight against the European allies. It (29)promised not to sink any more civilian ships without warning. And it offered (30)regrets for the Lusitania (31)incident.
Voice two:
President Wilson accepted Germany's (32)apology. Like most Americans, he hoped to stay out of the bloody European struggle. And he also knew that the record of the allies was not completely clean.
For example, he was troubled by reports of mass hunger in Germany. He and other Americans felt the British food blockade was cruel. They also were (33)shocked by the way British forces (34)brutally (35)crushed a (36)rebellion in Ireland at the time.
Most of all, the American people were sickened by reports of what was happening on the battlefields of Europe. The armies were using poison gas and other terrible (37)weapons. Soldiers on both sides were dying by the millions. The war had become a (38)bloodbath.
Voice one:
The United States had a presidential election in nineteen-sixteen. President Wilson won the nomination of the Democratic Party to seek re-election. Democrats around the country shouted their support with these words: "he kept us out of war!" Wilson himself did not like the words. He felt it raised false hopes. But people continued to say it, because they did not want war.
Voice two:
The Republican Party nominated (39)supreme court justice Charles Evans Hughes as its candidate for president. Hughes was a (40)moderate republican. He supported a number of social reforms.
Like Wilson, Hughes promised to keep the United States neutral. However, one of his supporters was former president Theodore Roosevelt. And Roosevelt called for strong American policies that could lead to war. Roosevelt's words led many Americans to see Wilson as the candidate of peace. . .and Hughes as the candidate of war.
Voice one:
Voting in the presidential election was very close. At first, it seemed Hughes had won. He went to bed on election night believing he would be America's next president. But voting results later that night confirmed Wilson as the winner. The election was so close the republicans did not accept defeat for two weeks.
Woodrow Wilson had won another term. During that term, he would find it increasingly difficult to honor the words of the campaign: "He kept us out of war!" finally, he would find it impossible. The United States entered world war one while Woodrow Wilson was president.
That will be our story next week.
(theme)
Voice two:
You have been listening to the making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America. Your narrators were Kay gallant and Harry Monroe. Our program was written by frank Beardsley. Join us again next week at this time, when we will continue the story of American president Woodrow Wilson.
(1) explode[ iks5plEud ]vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸, 爆發(fā), 破除, 推翻, 激發(fā)
(2) flame[ fleim ]n.火焰, 光輝, 光芒, 熱情, 激情
(3) assassination[ E7sAsi5neiFEn ]n.暗殺
(4) archduke[ 5B:tF5dju:k ]n.大公
(5) spark[ spB:k ]n.火花, 火星, 閃光, 情郎, 花花公子, 活力, 電信技師, 瞬間放電vi.閃爍, 發(fā)火花, 求婚vt.發(fā)動(dòng), 鼓舞, 使有朝氣, 求婚
(6) Serbian[ 5sE:bjEn ]n.塞爾維亞人[語(yǔ)]adj.塞爾維亞的, 塞爾維亞人[語(yǔ)]的
(7) declare[ di5klZE ]vt.斷言, 宣稱, 宣布, 宣告, 聲明, (向海關(guān))中報(bào)進(jìn)口應(yīng)納稅之貨物
(8) allies[`AlaIz]n.聯(lián)盟國(guó), 同盟者
(9) neutrality[ nju:5trAliti ]n.中立, 中性
(10) conflict[ 5kCnflikt ]n.斗爭(zhēng), 沖突vi.抵觸, 沖突
(11) entente[ E:n5tB:nt ]n.<法>協(xié)定, 協(xié)約, 有協(xié)定關(guān)系的各國(guó)(黨派)
(12) Portugal[ 5pC:tju^El ]n.葡萄牙(歐洲西南部國(guó)家)
(13) involve[ in5vClv ]vt.包括, 籠罩, 潛心于, 使陷于
(14) military[ 5militEri ]adj.軍事的, 軍用的
(15) strike[ straik ]n.罷工, 打擊, 毆打vt.打, 撞擊, 沖擊, 罷工, 打動(dòng), 劃燃, 到達(dá), 侵襲vi.打, 打擊, 罷工, 抓, 敲, 搏動(dòng), 打動(dòng), 穿透
(16) defeat[ di5fi:t ]n.擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝, 失敗vt.擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝, 使失敗, 挫折v.擊敗
(17) soldier[ 5sEuldVE ]n.士兵, 軍人
(18) victory[ 5viktEri ]n.勝利, 戰(zhàn)勝, 克服, [羅神]勝利女神
(19) withdraw[ wiT5drC: ]vt.收回, 撤消vi.縮回, 退出v.撤退
(20) defense[ di5fens ]n.(D-)(美國(guó))國(guó)防部, 防衛(wèi), 防衛(wèi)物vt.謀劃抵御
(21) immediate[ i5mi:djEt ]adj.直接的, 緊接的, 緊靠的, 立即的, 知覺(jué)的
(22) seize[ si:z ]v.抓住, 逮住, 奪取vt.沒(méi)收, 查封
(23) block[ blCk ]n.木塊, 石塊, 塊, 街區(qū), 印版, 滑輪, 阻滯, (一)批vt.防礙, 阻塞
(24) blockade[ blC5keid ]n.阻塞vt.封鎖
(25) submarine[ 5sQbmEri:n, sQbmE5ri:n ]n.潛水艇, 潛艇adj.水下的, 海底的
(26) passenger[ 5pAsindVE ]n.乘客, 旅客
(27) horrify[ 5hCrifai ]v.使恐怖, 使極度厭惡, 驚駭
(28) civilian[ si5viljEn ]n.平民, 公務(wù)員, 文官adj.民間的, 民用的
(29) promise[ 5prCmis ]vt.允諾, 答應(yīng)n.允諾, 答應(yīng), 許諾
(30) regret[ ri5^ret ]n.遺憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意vt.為...感到遺憾, 后悔, 惋惜, 哀悼, 懊悔vi.感到抱歉
(31) incident[ 5insidEnt ]n.事件, 事變adj.附帶的, 易于發(fā)生的
(32) apology[ E5pClEdVi ]n.(為某種思想, 宗教, 哲學(xué)等)辯解, 道歉
(33) shock[ FCk ]n.打擊, 震動(dòng), 沖突, 休克, 突擊, 禾束堆, 亂蓬的頭發(fā)vt.使震動(dòng), 使休克, 使受電擊, 震驚得vi.震動(dòng), 嚇人adj.蓬亂的, 濃密的
(34) brutal[ 5bru:tl ]adj.殘忍的, 獸性的
(35) crush[ krQF ]vt.壓碎, 碾碎, 壓服, 壓垮, 粉碎, (使)變形
(36) rebellion[ ri5beljEn ]n.謀反, 叛亂, 反抗, 不服從
(37) weapon[ 5wepEn ]n.武器
(38) bloodbath n.大屠殺
(39) supreme[ sju:5pri:m ]adj.極度的, 極大的, 至高的, 最高
(40) moderate[ 5mCdErit ]adj.中等的, 適度的, 適中的v.緩和
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中,美國(guó)如何成為世界第一富裕強(qiáng)國(guó) -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 給兩邊賣武器賣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)物資,讓兩邊打的兩敗俱傷,一看同盟國(guó)快完蛋了上去幫著協(xié)約國(guó)把同盟國(guó)打趴下,然后劃分同盟國(guó)在世界上的利益.美國(guó)的慣用伎倆,世界亂,美國(guó)才有錢賺.
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 第一次世界大戰(zhàn),美國(guó)如果不參戰(zhàn),協(xié)約國(guó)會(huì)勝嗎? -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 還是一樣會(huì)勝利 協(xié)約國(guó)最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是海軍優(yōu)勢(shì),借助海運(yùn)他們可以源源不絕地從殖民地獲得物資,保證生產(chǎn)和生活 而同盟國(guó)一邊,由于無(wú)法打破海上封鎖,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器已經(jīng)開始停滯 看看德國(guó)最后一年的物資供應(yīng)狀況就知道了,支撐不下去了 而且從1918年皇帝攻勢(shì)狀況上看,即便得以從東線脫身,改變了兩線作戰(zhàn)的窘境,德國(guó)還是無(wú)法擊敗對(duì)手 這種情況下,德國(guó)將在隨之而來(lái)的饑餓中喪失大批人口 更慘
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 一戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的原因是什么? -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 我認(rèn)為美國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期不參戰(zhàn)是為了同交戰(zhàn)雙方做生意,以大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái).而在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期由于各國(guó)財(cái)政枯竭,此時(shí)參戰(zhàn)搶奪戰(zhàn)利品遠(yuǎn)比做生意更有利可圖,這是美國(guó)最后參戰(zhàn)的根本原因所在.美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)時(shí)機(jī)選擇在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期,這是由于交戰(zhàn)雙方都已...
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 美國(guó)在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)中的相似處包括哪些? -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 答案是D. 美國(guó)可以說(shuō)是一位不折不扣的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)商人.在一戰(zhàn)前期,美國(guó)始終保持著一副中立,倒賣軍需物資和商業(yè)物資給交戰(zhàn)雙方;到一次大戰(zhàn)后期,同盟國(guó)漸顯劣勢(shì),美國(guó)見時(shí)機(jī)成熟,立馬加入到協(xié)約國(guó)那邊,不非吹灰之力就成了戰(zhàn)勝國(guó),...
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 概括一戰(zhàn)對(duì)美國(guó)所產(chǎn)生的影響,一戰(zhàn)以來(lái)美國(guó)是怎樣逐步奪取＂歐洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)＂的, -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______[答案] 戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)已成為世界上最大的債權(quán)國(guó)和最大的資本輸出國(guó).美國(guó)的國(guó)外投資從1913年的大約20億美元增加到1930年150億美元,其中30%投放在歐洲.到1919年協(xié)約國(guó)欠美國(guó)債務(wù)100億美元,其中英國(guó)向美國(guó)借了大約40億,法國(guó)向美國(guó)借了30億,全世...
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的原因是什么? -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 1.美國(guó)在一戰(zhàn)中宣布中立不參加任何一方的對(duì)戰(zhàn),2.歐洲各國(guó)都在一戰(zhàn)中損失較大,而美國(guó)作為中立國(guó)毫發(fā)不損,這點(diǎn)保存了美國(guó)的實(shí)力,加上其他國(guó)家首先要先恢復(fù)元?dú)?這給了美國(guó)發(fā)展的時(shí)間.所以一戰(zhàn)之后美國(guó)逐漸成為大國(guó)的原因
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中唯一發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)?shù)膰?guó)家是哪個(gè)?
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 俗話說(shuō)“大炮一響,黃金萬(wàn)兩”,但是一戰(zhàn)卻不同,一戰(zhàn)的參戰(zhàn)國(guó)充斥著許多的被迫參展的國(guó)家如中國(guó)等等,可是當(dāng)時(shí)只有美國(guó),即不被他國(guó)要挾,又有雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ),而且當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候已經(jīng)接近一戰(zhàn)末期,所以,美國(guó)不費(fèi)吹灰之力就結(jié)束了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),所以,在一戰(zhàn)中,只有美國(guó)發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 究竟是什么原因,把美國(guó)拖進(jìn)了第一次世界大戰(zhàn) -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 1914年,第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā);1917年,美國(guó)被卷入大戰(zhàn)漩渦中,并且在世界上嘗試扮演新的角色.美國(guó)參加“一戰(zhàn)”的根本原因是爭(zhēng)奪世界霸權(quán),搶奪勝利果實(shí).——常識(shí)歷史篇.
語(yǔ)婉15740613366： 為什么二戰(zhàn),一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國(guó)獲利最大? -
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 遠(yuǎn)離正面戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),在正式參戰(zhàn)之前都是以戰(zhàn)略物資作為支援,拉動(dòng)了內(nèi)需,創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),所有工廠都是在滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),這樣對(duì)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益可想而知.戰(zhàn)后則采取對(duì)各國(guó),包括...
1．美國(guó)的中立與參戰(zhàn)：史煦光認(rèn)為，美國(guó)在一戰(zhàn)中是中立還是參戰(zhàn)、何時(shí)參戰(zhàn)、以何種形式參戰(zhàn)，取決于能否保持其“利益線”。即在戰(zhàn)時(shí)利用戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)，以中立的地位牟取超額利潤(rùn)，并趁機(jī)向世界擴(kuò)張；在戰(zhàn)后能收回戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)貸款，進(jìn)而以仲裁員身份取得國(guó)際事務(wù)的支配權(quán)。美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的直接原因是保持中立的利益線被突破，于是只能以參戰(zhàn)去獲取中立國(guó)不再能有的利益。
2．美國(guó)的調(diào)停外交：吳瑞、楊春龍認(rèn)為，調(diào)停外交是一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國(guó)對(duì)歐政策的一個(gè)重要組成部分，美國(guó)以調(diào)停促成妥協(xié)，將兩大集團(tuán)互相對(duì)峙和牽制的格局繼續(xù)維持到戰(zhàn)后，自身則因勢(shì)乘便為稱霸世界鋪平道路。
額外知識(shí)，等寫完作業(yè)再看：
作為后起的帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家，通過(guò)美西戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)確立了自己世界大國(guó)的地位，在一戰(zhàn)中的美國(guó)又大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)，戰(zhàn)后取代英國(guó)成為世界頭號(hào)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的高速發(fā)展與國(guó)際地位的迅速提高導(dǎo)致美國(guó)社會(huì)的巨大變革。但美國(guó)的法律并沒(méi)有跟上時(shí)代的腳步，19世紀(jì)的分析法學(xué)和形式主義仍是其立法和法律適用的主導(dǎo)思想。
一戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)由中立者向參與者的轉(zhuǎn)變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2005-04-28
58 一戰(zhàn)中美國(guó)由中立者向參與者的轉(zhuǎn)變
THE MAKING OF A NATION - September 6, 2001: Woodrow Wilson, Part 3By Frank Beardsley
VOICE ONE:
The making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America.
(theme)
In nineteen-fourteen, Europe (1)exploded into (2)flames as world war one began. It was a war no nation really wanted. But no nation seemed able to stop it.
The (3)assassination of Austria's (4)archduke Franz Ferdinand in the city of Sarajevo was the (5)spark that set off the explosion.
I'm Kay gallant. Today, Harry Monroe and I tell about the war and how it affected the United States and president Woodrow Wilson.
Voice two:
The Austrian archduke was murdered by (6)Serbian nationalists. They opposed Austrian control of their homeland. After the assassination, Austria (7)declared war on Serbia. One of Serbia's allies was Russia. Russia agreed to help Serbia in any war against Austria.
Austria had (8)allies, too. The most important was Germany. Germany wanted Russia to stay out of the war. When Russia refused, Germany declared war on Russia. Then Germany declared war on Russia's close ally, France. Britain entered the war a
Few days later when Germany violated the (9)neutrality of Belgium.
Voice one:
One nation after another entered the (10)conflict to protect its friends or to honor its treaties. Within a week, most of Europe was at war.
On one side were the central powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary. On the other side were the triple (11)entente allies: France, Britain, and Russia. Many other nations took sides. Bulgaria and turkey joined the central powers. Italy, Romania, (12)Portugal, and Greece joined the allies.
Voice two:
The United States hoped to stay out of the war. President Wilson immediately declared American neutrality. He said: "it is a war with which we have nothing to do, whose causes cannot touch us."
Most Americans agreed with president Wilson. They did not want to get (13)involved in the fighting. However, many found it difficult to remain neutral in their hearts. Some Americans had family roots in Germany. They supported the central powers. A greater number of Americans had family roots in Britain or France. They supported the allies.
Yet the official American policy was neutrality. The United States planned to continue to trade with both sides.
Voice one:
Germany and Austria expected a quick victory in the war. They were caught between two powerful enemies: Russia and France. But German (14)military leaders were not worried. They had a battle plan they were sure would succeed.
The German generals planned to (15)strike quickly at France with most of the German army. They expected to (16)defeat France in a short time and then turn to fight Russia. In this way, the German army would not have to fight both enemies at the same time.
Voice two:
At first, the plan worked. Two-million German (17)soldiers swept across Belgium and into France. They rushed forward toward Paris, hoping for a fast (18)victory. But the German commanders made a mistake. They pushed their men too fast. When British and French forces struck back -- outside Paris -- the tired and worn German soldiers could not hold their positions.
The battle was fierce and unbelievably bloody. In the end, the Germans were forced to (19)withdraw.
The German withdrawal gave the allies time to prepare strong (20)defenses. There was no chance now for a quick German victory. Instead, it would be a long war, with Germany and Austria facing enemies on two sides. Britain and France were on the west. Russia was on the east.
Voice one:
The allies took (21)immediate steps to reduce Germany's trade with the rest of the world. The British navy began (22)seizing war supplies found on neutral ships sailing toward German ports. It then expanded its efforts to (23)block food exports to Germany.
The blockade by Britain and the other allies was very successful. Germany faced possible starvation. Its navy was not strong enough to break the (24)blockade with surface ships. Its only hope was to break the blockade with another naval weapon: submarines.
Germany announced that it would use its (25)submarines to sink any ship that came near the coast of Britain. The threat included ships from neutral nations that tried to continue trading with the allies.
Voice two:
The United States and other neutral nations immediately protested the German announcement. They said it was a clear violation of international law.
When a German submarine sank a British ship in the Irish sea, one of the victims was an American citizen. A few weeks later, an American oil ship was damaged during a sea battle between British navy ships and a German submarine. Then came the most serious incident of all. It involved a British (26)passenger ship called the Lusitania.
The Lusitania was sailing from New York City to Britain when it was attacked by a German Submarine. The Lusitania sank in eighteen minutes. One-thousand two-hundred persons were killed. One-hundred twenty-nine were Americans.
Voice one:
The sinking of the Lusitania shocked and (27)horrified the American people. They called it mass murder. They turned against Germany. President wilson warned that he might declare war on Germany, if Germany continued to sink (28)civilian ships.
Germany did not want war with the United States. It already faced a strong fight against the European allies. It (29)promised not to sink any more civilian ships without warning. And it offered (30)regrets for the Lusitania (31)incident.
Voice two:
President Wilson accepted Germany's (32)apology. Like most Americans, he hoped to stay out of the bloody European struggle. And he also knew that the record of the allies was not completely clean.
For example, he was troubled by reports of mass hunger in Germany. He and other Americans felt the British food blockade was cruel. They also were (33)shocked by the way British forces (34)brutally (35)crushed a (36)rebellion in Ireland at the time.
Most of all, the American people were sickened by reports of what was happening on the battlefields of Europe. The armies were using poison gas and other terrible (37)weapons. Soldiers on both sides were dying by the millions. The war had become a (38)bloodbath.
Voice one:
The United States had a presidential election in nineteen-sixteen. President Wilson won the nomination of the Democratic Party to seek re-election. Democrats around the country shouted their support with these words: "he kept us out of war!" Wilson himself did not like the words. He felt it raised false hopes. But people continued to say it, because they did not want war.
Voice two:
The Republican Party nominated (39)supreme court justice Charles Evans Hughes as its candidate for president. Hughes was a (40)moderate republican. He supported a number of social reforms.
Like Wilson, Hughes promised to keep the United States neutral. However, one of his supporters was former president Theodore Roosevelt. And Roosevelt called for strong American policies that could lead to war. Roosevelt's words led many Americans to see Wilson as the candidate of peace. . .and Hughes as the candidate of war.
Voice one:
Voting in the presidential election was very close. At first, it seemed Hughes had won. He went to bed on election night believing he would be America's next president. But voting results later that night confirmed Wilson as the winner. The election was so close the republicans did not accept defeat for two weeks.
Woodrow Wilson had won another term. During that term, he would find it increasingly difficult to honor the words of the campaign: "He kept us out of war!" finally, he would find it impossible. The United States entered world war one while Woodrow Wilson was president.
That will be our story next week.
(theme)
Voice two:
You have been listening to the making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America. Your narrators were Kay gallant and Harry Monroe. Our program was written by frank Beardsley. Join us again next week at this time, when we will continue the story of American president Woodrow Wilson.
(1) explode[ iks5plEud ]vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸, 爆發(fā), 破除, 推翻, 激發(fā)
(2) flame[ fleim ]n.火焰, 光輝, 光芒, 熱情, 激情
(3) assassination[ E7sAsi5neiFEn ]n.暗殺
(4) archduke[ 5B:tF5dju:k ]n.大公
(5) spark[ spB:k ]n.火花, 火星, 閃光, 情郎, 花花公子, 活力, 電信技師, 瞬間放電vi.閃爍, 發(fā)火花, 求婚vt.發(fā)動(dòng), 鼓舞, 使有朝氣, 求婚
(6) Serbian[ 5sE:bjEn ]n.塞爾維亞人[語(yǔ)]adj.塞爾維亞的, 塞爾維亞人[語(yǔ)]的
(7) declare[ di5klZE ]vt.斷言, 宣稱, 宣布, 宣告, 聲明, (向海關(guān))中報(bào)進(jìn)口應(yīng)納稅之貨物
(8) allies[`AlaIz]n.聯(lián)盟國(guó), 同盟者
(9) neutrality[ nju:5trAliti ]n.中立, 中性
(10) conflict[ 5kCnflikt ]n.斗爭(zhēng), 沖突vi.抵觸, 沖突
(11) entente[ E:n5tB:nt ]n.<法>協(xié)定, 協(xié)約, 有協(xié)定關(guān)系的各國(guó)(黨派)
(12) Portugal[ 5pC:tju^El ]n.葡萄牙(歐洲西南部國(guó)家)
(13) involve[ in5vClv ]vt.包括, 籠罩, 潛心于, 使陷于
(14) military[ 5militEri ]adj.軍事的, 軍用的
(15) strike[ straik ]n.罷工, 打擊, 毆打vt.打, 撞擊, 沖擊, 罷工, 打動(dòng), 劃燃, 到達(dá), 侵襲vi.打, 打擊, 罷工, 抓, 敲, 搏動(dòng), 打動(dòng), 穿透
(16) defeat[ di5fi:t ]n.擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝, 失敗vt.擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝, 使失敗, 挫折v.擊敗
(17) soldier[ 5sEuldVE ]n.士兵, 軍人
(18) victory[ 5viktEri ]n.勝利, 戰(zhàn)勝, 克服, [羅神]勝利女神
(19) withdraw[ wiT5drC: ]vt.收回, 撤消vi.縮回, 退出v.撤退
(20) defense[ di5fens ]n.(D-)(美國(guó))國(guó)防部, 防衛(wèi), 防衛(wèi)物vt.謀劃抵御
(21) immediate[ i5mi:djEt ]adj.直接的, 緊接的, 緊靠的, 立即的, 知覺(jué)的
(22) seize[ si:z ]v.抓住, 逮住, 奪取vt.沒(méi)收, 查封
(23) block[ blCk ]n.木塊, 石塊, 塊, 街區(qū), 印版, 滑輪, 阻滯, (一)批vt.防礙, 阻塞
(24) blockade[ blC5keid ]n.阻塞vt.封鎖
(25) submarine[ 5sQbmEri:n, sQbmE5ri:n ]n.潛水艇, 潛艇adj.水下的, 海底的
(26) passenger[ 5pAsindVE ]n.乘客, 旅客
(27) horrify[ 5hCrifai ]v.使恐怖, 使極度厭惡, 驚駭
(28) civilian[ si5viljEn ]n.平民, 公務(wù)員, 文官adj.民間的, 民用的
(29) promise[ 5prCmis ]vt.允諾, 答應(yīng)n.允諾, 答應(yīng), 許諾
(30) regret[ ri5^ret ]n.遺憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意vt.為...感到遺憾, 后悔, 惋惜, 哀悼, 懊悔vi.感到抱歉
(31) incident[ 5insidEnt ]n.事件, 事變adj.附帶的, 易于發(fā)生的
(32) apology[ E5pClEdVi ]n.(為某種思想, 宗教, 哲學(xué)等)辯解, 道歉
(33) shock[ FCk ]n.打擊, 震動(dòng), 沖突, 休克, 突擊, 禾束堆, 亂蓬的頭發(fā)vt.使震動(dòng), 使休克, 使受電擊, 震驚得vi.震動(dòng), 嚇人adj.蓬亂的, 濃密的
(34) brutal[ 5bru:tl ]adj.殘忍的, 獸性的
(35) crush[ krQF ]vt.壓碎, 碾碎, 壓服, 壓垮, 粉碎, (使)變形
(36) rebellion[ ri5beljEn ]n.謀反, 叛亂, 反抗, 不服從
(37) weapon[ 5wepEn ]n.武器
(38) bloodbath n.大屠殺
(39) supreme[ sju:5pri:m ]adj.極度的, 極大的, 至高的, 最高
(40) moderate[ 5mCdErit ]adj.中等的, 適度的, 適中的v.緩和
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而獲取石油資源只有兩個(gè)選擇，進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)或進(jìn)攻美、英、荷蘭控制下的東南亞，在諾門坎對(duì)蘇聯(lián)試探失利和陸軍兵力吃緊的情況下，決定南下東南亞。但日本海軍弱于美國(guó)太平洋艦隊(duì)，只能以偷襲的手段迅速取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。珍珠港事件前美國(guó)早已擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)重歸繁榮，并在歐洲各國(guó)的軍事訂單中賺得盆滿缽滿。
為什么二戰(zhàn)中怕死的美軍能夠擊敗不怕死的日軍
而日本人呢？如果說(shuō)中途島之戰(zhàn)美國(guó)人在萬(wàn)般無(wú)奈的情況下不得已就只給約克城貼了一張創(chuàng)口貼就讓其重新上了戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的話，那么對(duì)于日本人來(lái)說(shuō)在大多數(shù)情況下，貼創(chuàng)口貼的方法都是一個(gè)可望而不可求的奢侈期待。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力相差太大了。第三，日本人的勇敢是蠻勇 典型代表就是瓜島戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的一木...
美國(guó)陸軍司令被擊斃是真的嗎
高級(jí)軍事將領(lǐng)直接參與戰(zhàn)斗的情況非常罕見，他們通常在后方進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和指揮。因此，美國(guó)陸軍司令被擊斃的情況幾乎不可能發(fā)生。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然歷史上有個(gè)別高級(jí)軍事將領(lǐng)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中遭遇不幸，但“美國(guó)陸軍司令被擊斃”的說(shuō)法并不準(zhǔn)確。我們應(yīng)該以客觀、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度看待歷史事件，避免夸大或歪曲事實(shí)。
相關(guān)評(píng)說(shuō)：
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 給兩邊賣武器賣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)物資,讓兩邊打的兩敗俱傷,一看同盟國(guó)快完蛋了上去幫著協(xié)約國(guó)把同盟國(guó)打趴下,然后劃分同盟國(guó)在世界上的利益.美國(guó)的慣用伎倆,世界亂,美國(guó)才有錢賺.
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 還是一樣會(huì)勝利 協(xié)約國(guó)最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是海軍優(yōu)勢(shì),借助海運(yùn)他們可以源源不絕地從殖民地獲得物資,保證生產(chǎn)和生活 而同盟國(guó)一邊,由于無(wú)法打破海上封鎖,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器已經(jīng)開始停滯 看看德國(guó)最后一年的物資供應(yīng)狀況就知道了,支撐不下去了 而且從1918年皇帝攻勢(shì)狀況上看,即便得以從東線脫身,改變了兩線作戰(zhàn)的窘境,德國(guó)還是無(wú)法擊敗對(duì)手 這種情況下,德國(guó)將在隨之而來(lái)的饑餓中喪失大批人口 更慘
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 我認(rèn)為美國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期不參戰(zhàn)是為了同交戰(zhàn)雙方做生意,以大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái).而在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期由于各國(guó)財(cái)政枯竭,此時(shí)參戰(zhàn)搶奪戰(zhàn)利品遠(yuǎn)比做生意更有利可圖,這是美國(guó)最后參戰(zhàn)的根本原因所在.美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)時(shí)機(jī)選擇在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期,這是由于交戰(zhàn)雙方都已...
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 答案是D. 美國(guó)可以說(shuō)是一位不折不扣的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)商人.在一戰(zhàn)前期,美國(guó)始終保持著一副中立,倒賣軍需物資和商業(yè)物資給交戰(zhàn)雙方;到一次大戰(zhàn)后期,同盟國(guó)漸顯劣勢(shì),美國(guó)見時(shí)機(jī)成熟,立馬加入到協(xié)約國(guó)那邊,不非吹灰之力就成了戰(zhàn)勝國(guó),...
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______[答案] 戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)已成為世界上最大的債權(quán)國(guó)和最大的資本輸出國(guó).美國(guó)的國(guó)外投資從1913年的大約20億美元增加到1930年150億美元,其中30%投放在歐洲.到1919年協(xié)約國(guó)欠美國(guó)債務(wù)100億美元,其中英國(guó)向美國(guó)借了大約40億,法國(guó)向美國(guó)借了30億,全世...
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 1.美國(guó)在一戰(zhàn)中宣布中立不參加任何一方的對(duì)戰(zhàn),2.歐洲各國(guó)都在一戰(zhàn)中損失較大,而美國(guó)作為中立國(guó)毫發(fā)不損,這點(diǎn)保存了美國(guó)的實(shí)力,加上其他國(guó)家首先要先恢復(fù)元?dú)?這給了美國(guó)發(fā)展的時(shí)間.所以一戰(zhàn)之后美國(guó)逐漸成為大國(guó)的原因
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 俗話說(shuō)“大炮一響,黃金萬(wàn)兩”,但是一戰(zhàn)卻不同,一戰(zhàn)的參戰(zhàn)國(guó)充斥著許多的被迫參展的國(guó)家如中國(guó)等等,可是當(dāng)時(shí)只有美國(guó),即不被他國(guó)要挾,又有雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ),而且當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候已經(jīng)接近一戰(zhàn)末期,所以,美國(guó)不費(fèi)吹灰之力就結(jié)束了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),所以,在一戰(zhàn)中,只有美國(guó)發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)財(cái)
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 1914年,第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā);1917年,美國(guó)被卷入大戰(zhàn)漩渦中,并且在世界上嘗試扮演新的角色.美國(guó)參加“一戰(zhàn)”的根本原因是爭(zhēng)奪世界霸權(quán),搶奪勝利果實(shí).——常識(shí)歷史篇.
雨花區(qū)毛坯： ______ 遠(yuǎn)離正面戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),在正式參戰(zhàn)之前都是以戰(zhàn)略物資作為支援,拉動(dòng)了內(nèi)需,創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),所有工廠都是在滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),這樣對(duì)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益可想而知.戰(zhàn)后則采取對(duì)各國(guó),包括...
