在線等…英語中什么是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞？兩者怎么個用法和區(qū)別？ 英語中現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在用法上的差別？
簡單說，
現(xiàn)在分詞就是：動詞+ing
過去分詞就是：動詞+ed（除非有特殊變換方法）
現(xiàn)在進行時就用現(xiàn)在分詞
I am watching TV.
我正在看電視。
過去時用過去分詞
I watched TV this morning.
我今天早晨看過電視了。
現(xiàn)在分詞、動詞+ing
過去分詞,動詞+ed ，或者看不規(guī)則動詞表的最后一行
現(xiàn)在分詞表示延續(xù)的動作，可以修飾人
、過去分詞通常作形容詞，修飾物
多多積累就慢慢懂了
簡單說，
現(xiàn)在分詞就是：動詞+ing
過去分詞就是：動詞+ed（除非有特殊變換方法）
現(xiàn)在進行時就用現(xiàn)在分詞
I am watching TV.
我正在看電視。
過去時用過去分詞
I watched TV this morning.
我今天早晨看過電視了。
主謂一致常考難題：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主語用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時, 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時, 其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容詞的順序：
系動詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-開首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語,不能作定語。
某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔細地，密切地
2)free 免費地 freely自由地,無拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不
4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來
5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的“深”
9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修飾：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面, 如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。〔高三倍〕
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。
表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時，該用so而不用such。如：
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost與nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
I'm not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You needn't come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：needn't have done“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。例如：You needn't have waited for me.
“should have done”表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。
You should have started earlier.
“ought to have done”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didn't)
書報的標題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。
有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和 well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.這布很經(jīng)洗。
The new product sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。
The pen writes well.這支筆很好寫。
在動詞 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語從句中用“(should)＋ 動詞原形”(虛擬語氣)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)＋動詞原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.
在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補足語中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,就必須帶to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep,
mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can't help, can't stand(無法忍受)等。
I tried not to go there.(我設(shè)法不去那里。)
I tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次。)]
mean to do 有意... mean doing意味著...
I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些來。)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。)
allow, advise, forbid, permit
We don't allow smoking here. We don't allow students to smoke.
動詞need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟動詞作它的賓語時,若表示的含義是被動的,必須用動名詞,或不定式的被動式。例如：
The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
在短語devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)
Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.
(原因,強調(diào)寫的過程,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式)
Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn't find his way through the jungle.(為了強調(diào)已完成的動作)
Asked to stay, I couldn't very well refuse.
這里 asked 可能意味著 having been asked, 也可能意味著when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不會有歧義。
下面句中過去分詞表示的時間與謂語動詞所表示的時間相同，所以不能代之以強調(diào)先于謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。例如：
Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地離開了房間。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
He used to live in London, use(d)n't he /didn't he?
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there /didn't there?
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
He ought to be punished, oughtn't he?
但在正式文體中,用ought we not形式。例如:
We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?
含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時,疑問部分不可用mustn't。若前句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,疑問部分用aren't(isn't)十主語,例如：You must be tired,aren't you?若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問句部分則用needn't。例如：You must go home right now, needn't you?
當mustn't 表示禁止時,附加疑問部分一般用must。如：
You mustn't walk on grass, must you?
前句謂語動詞是must have＋過去分詞時,若前句強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用didn't＋主語;若前句強調(diào)動作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動詞用haven't(hasn't)＋主語, 例如：
He must have met her yesterday, didn't he?
You must have seen the film, haven't you?
陳述句謂語部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(前綴或后綴),疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn't he?
如果陳述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定詞時,疑問部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?
如果陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,no one等不定代詞,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they。
Everyone knows his job, doesn't he?
Everyone knows their job,don't they?
No one was hurt,were they?
I'm late, aren't I?
One can't be too careful,can one(you)?
Have a cup of tea, will you?
Let's go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?
同位語從句跟在名詞后面,進一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。連接詞用that (不用which)及連接副詞how, when, where, why等。例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:
A)在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
B)在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時,whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句,否則,也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.
C)在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D)后面直接跟動詞不定式時。
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
E)后面緊接or not 時。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.
F)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。
Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
G)用if會引起歧義時。例如：Please let me know if you like it.
該句有兩個意思：“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。
或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我。”用了whether就可以避免。
在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：
1)先行詞是不定代詞：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.
2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3)先行詞被all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some, 等修飾。
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
5)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
先行詞是表示地點時,要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Here it is. Here he comes.
當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I.
部分倒裝
用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
6.用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!
stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,
an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;
papers 報紙, 文件 manners禮貌 drinks飲料
in a word 簡言之�in other words 換句話說
have words with 與某人吵嘴
have a few words (a word) with sb.與某人說幾句話
The crowd were running for their lives．
某些集體名詞, 如people, police, cattle等, 只當復(fù)數(shù)看待, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for him.
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納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 過去分詞 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加ed構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動詞表. 1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語... Don't have the students studying all day. 注意 :賓語與作賓補的現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 即賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞動作...
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納雍縣機械： ______ 一個語句,一個單詞
況亨13499681562： 英語高手請進,關(guān)于將動詞變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞(在線等,急) -
納雍縣機械： ______ 1.keep-(keeps )-(kept )-(keeping )2.catch-(catches )-(caught )-(catching )3.enjoy-(enjoys )-(enjoyed )-(enjoying )4.miss-(miss...
況亨13499681562： 關(guān)于動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞及形容詞 -
納雍縣機械： ______ 名詞用形容詞修飾1做形容詞不是過去分詞2本來就是形容詞,不是+ing的動詞就是現(xiàn)在分詞3你見過哪個be動詞后面是動詞原型,be動詞+現(xiàn)在分詞表示即將發(fā)生的動作4be動詞后加形容詞...
況亨13499681562： 什么時候用現(xiàn)在分詞 -
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle),又稱-ing形式,現(xiàn)在進行式,動名詞 1.作主語:通常被看作是單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式. Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad ...
況亨13499681562： 英語中,哪些動詞【只有】過去分詞?哪些動詞【只有】現(xiàn)在分詞?①哪些動詞【只有】過去分詞【而沒有】現(xiàn)在分詞?②哪些動詞【只有】現(xiàn)在分詞【而沒... -
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] can cound
現(xiàn)在分詞就是：動詞+ing
過去分詞就是：動詞+ed（除非有特殊變換方法）
現(xiàn)在進行時就用現(xiàn)在分詞
I am watching TV.
我正在看電視。
過去時用過去分詞
I watched TV this morning.
我今天早晨看過電視了。
現(xiàn)在分詞、動詞+ing
過去分詞,動詞+ed ，或者看不規(guī)則動詞表的最后一行
現(xiàn)在分詞表示延續(xù)的動作，可以修飾人
、過去分詞通常作形容詞，修飾物
多多積累就慢慢懂了
簡單說，
現(xiàn)在分詞就是：動詞+ing
過去分詞就是：動詞+ed（除非有特殊變換方法）
現(xiàn)在進行時就用現(xiàn)在分詞
I am watching TV.
我正在看電視。
過去時用過去分詞
I watched TV this morning.
我今天早晨看過電視了。
主謂一致常考難題：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主語用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時, 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時, 其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容詞的順序：
系動詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-開首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語,不能作定語。
某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔細地，密切地
2)free 免費地 freely自由地,無拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不
4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來
5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的“深”
9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修飾：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面, 如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。〔高三倍〕
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。
表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時，該用so而不用such。如：
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost與nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
I'm not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動詞時,僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You needn't come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：needn't have done“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。例如：You needn't have waited for me.
“should have done”表示應(yīng)該做到而實際上沒有做到。
You should have started earlier.
“ought to have done”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didn't)
書報的標題,小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
表示感覺,愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。
有些動詞形式上是主動結(jié)構(gòu),但表示被動的意思。常見的有可和 well, easily 等副詞連用的不及物動詞sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.這布很經(jīng)洗。
The new product sells well.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。
The pen writes well.這支筆很好寫。
在動詞 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的賓語從句中用“(should)＋ 動詞原形”(虛擬語氣)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)＋動詞原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.
在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補足語中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,就必須帶to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep,
mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can't help, can't stand(無法忍受)等。
I tried not to go there.(我設(shè)法不去那里。)
I tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次。)]
mean to do 有意... mean doing意味著...
I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些來。)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時。)
allow, advise, forbid, permit
We don't allow smoking here. We don't allow students to smoke.
動詞need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟動詞作它的賓語時,若表示的含義是被動的,必須用動名詞,或不定式的被動式。例如：
The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
在短語devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)
Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.
(原因,強調(diào)寫的過程,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式)
Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn't find his way through the jungle.(為了強調(diào)已完成的動作)
Asked to stay, I couldn't very well refuse.
這里 asked 可能意味著 having been asked, 也可能意味著when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不會有歧義。
下面句中過去分詞表示的時間與謂語動詞所表示的時間相同，所以不能代之以強調(diào)先于謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式。例如：
Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地離開了房間。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
He used to live in London, use(d)n't he /didn't he?
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there /didn't there?
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
He ought to be punished, oughtn't he?
但在正式文體中,用ought we not形式。例如:
We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?
含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時,疑問部分不可用mustn't。若前句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在情況的推測,疑問部分用aren't(isn't)十主語,例如：You must be tired,aren't you?若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時,附加疑問句部分則用needn't。例如：You must go home right now, needn't you?
當mustn't 表示禁止時,附加疑問部分一般用must。如：
You mustn't walk on grass, must you?
前句謂語動詞是must have＋過去分詞時,若前句強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有過去時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用didn't＋主語;若前句強調(diào)動作的完成,疑問部分的謂語動詞用haven't(hasn't)＋主語, 例如：
He must have met her yesterday, didn't he?
You must have seen the film, haven't you?
陳述句謂語部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(前綴或后綴),疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn't he?
如果陳述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定詞時,疑問部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?
如果陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,no one等不定代詞,其疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they。
Everyone knows his job, doesn't he?
Everyone knows their job,don't they?
No one was hurt,were they?
I'm late, aren't I?
One can't be too careful,can one(you)?
Have a cup of tea, will you?
Let's go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?
同位語從句跟在名詞后面,進一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。連接詞用that (不用which)及連接副詞how, when, where, why等。例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:
A)在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
B)在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時,whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句,否則,也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.
C)在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D)后面直接跟動詞不定式時。
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
E)后面緊接or not 時。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.
F)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。
Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
G)用if會引起歧義時。例如：Please let me know if you like it.
該句有兩個意思：“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。
或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我。”用了whether就可以避免。
在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：
1)先行詞是不定代詞：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.
2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3)先行詞被all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some, 等修飾。
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
5)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
先行詞是表示地點時,要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Here it is. Here he comes.
當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I.
部分倒裝
用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
6.用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!
stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,
an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;
papers 報紙, 文件 manners禮貌 drinks飲料
in a word 簡言之�in other words 換句話說
have words with 與某人吵嘴
have a few words (a word) with sb.與某人說幾句話
The crowd were running for their lives．
某些集體名詞, 如people, police, cattle等, 只當復(fù)數(shù)看待, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for him.
現(xiàn)在分詞是什么意思
現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle)(又稱-ing形式、現(xiàn)在進行式) ,是分詞的一種,分詞又分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,它們都是非限定動詞,即在句子里面不能單獨充當謂語,但能充當其它的一些成分(定語,表語,補語和狀語),并且它們具有動詞的性質(zhì),所以又是類動詞的一種。一般式doing 一般被動式being done 完成式havingdone 完成被...
英語中分詞是什么意思
現(xiàn)在分詞，即-ing形式，是英語中分詞的一種類型，它與過去分詞共同構(gòu)成分詞的兩種形式。分詞屬于非限定動詞，意味著它在句子中不能獨立承擔(dān)謂語的功能，但可以擔(dān)當定語、表語、補語和狀語等其他成分。現(xiàn)在分詞具有動詞的性質(zhì)，因此也被視作一種類動詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式為doing，一般被動式為being done，...
英語中什么叫做分詞
分詞是英語中一個重要的語法知識點，也是許多學(xué)習(xí)者感到困惑的地方。分詞是指動詞的一種非謂語形式，它可以用來修飾名詞或代詞，也可以作為獨立的形容詞或副詞使用。英語中的分詞分為兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞是以-ing結(jié)尾的動詞形式，而過去分詞則是以-ed、-en或其他不規(guī)則形式結(jié)尾的動詞形式。
什么叫現(xiàn)在分詞?
現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle,又稱-ing形式、現(xiàn)在進行式) ,是分詞的一種,分詞又分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,它們都是非限定動詞,即在句子里面不能單獨充當謂語,但能充當其它的一些成分(定語,表語,補語和狀語),并且它們具有動詞的性質(zhì),所以又是類動詞的一種。一般式:doing; 一般被動式:being done; 完成式:havingdone...
英語現(xiàn)在分詞是啥意思?
三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都是動詞的非謂語形式，但它們在時態(tài)和語態(tài)上有所不同。現(xiàn)在分詞主要表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，而過去分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)。在構(gòu)成上，現(xiàn)在分詞是通過加“-ing”后綴來構(gòu)成，而過去分詞則有不同的變化形式。四、實例解析 例如，&...
分詞是什么意思英語中
分詞是一種動詞的非謂語形式。它可以像形容詞一樣修飾名詞或代詞，也可以像副詞一樣修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子。在英語中，有兩種分詞形式：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞通常以-ing結(jié)尾，如“running”、“reading”、“swimming”等。它可以用來表示正在進行的動作，例如“Tom is running in the park....
什么是現(xiàn)在分詞
并且一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個進行時的定語從句 e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there 注意1：分詞的完成時不可作定語 注意2：在message letter sign news notice等詞后要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 不用過去分詞 這是考試的易錯點 注意3：某些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時 已不再表示動作 已經(jīng)從分詞...
英語里面的分詞、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等～這些該怎么用啊
不太會解釋，舉個例子吧...She wants to make her breakfast,She's making her breakfast,She made her breakfast,
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別
從語態(tài)上來看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意思，過去分詞表示被動的意思；從時間關(guān)系上來看，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作往往正在進行，過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意思，而過去分詞多由及物動詞變來，表示被動的意思。例如：surprising使人感到驚訝的（主動）；surprised自己感到驚訝的（被動，即被...
在英語中什么是分詞
在英語中，分詞是一種非常重要的語法形式，它可以用來構(gòu)成各種復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞具有動詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，它可以用來表達狀態(tài)、行為和感覺等。在英語中，分詞有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞通常以-ing結(jié)尾，例如：running、swimming、reading等，它可以用來表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：She ...
相關(guān)評說：
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 分詞就是具有動詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語動詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時又表現(xiàn)各種動詞性特點,如時態(tài),語態(tài)、帶狀語性修飾語的性能及帶賓詞的性能.分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非...
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 分詞 fēncí [participle]具有動詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語動詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時又表現(xiàn)各種動詞性特點,如時態(tài),語態(tài)、帶狀語性修飾語的性能及帶賓詞的性能 [編輯本段]一.分詞總介: 分詞分為...
納雍縣機械： ______ am is are 一般現(xiàn)在時was were 一般過去時been 過去分詞 ,通常用于完成時態(tài)中,如:have / has been
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 過去分詞 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加ed構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動詞表. 1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語... Don't have the students studying all day. 注意 :賓語與作賓補的現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 即賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞動作...
納雍縣機械： ______ 一個語句,一個單詞
納雍縣機械： ______ 1.keep-(keeps )-(kept )-(keeping )2.catch-(catches )-(caught )-(catching )3.enjoy-(enjoys )-(enjoyed )-(enjoying )4.miss-(miss...
納雍縣機械： ______ 名詞用形容詞修飾1做形容詞不是過去分詞2本來就是形容詞,不是+ing的動詞就是現(xiàn)在分詞3你見過哪個be動詞后面是動詞原型,be動詞+現(xiàn)在分詞表示即將發(fā)生的動作4be動詞后加形容詞...
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] 現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle),又稱-ing形式,現(xiàn)在進行式,動名詞 1.作主語:通常被看作是單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式. Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad ...
納雍縣機械： ______[答案] can cound
