求各位大神給我一些動(dòng)詞不定式的例子和用法…… 求大神：為什么有的不定式要省略to? 不要說(shuō)是習(xí)慣用法啊
動(dòng)詞不定式可以作以上各種成分，但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞，所以有動(dòng)詞的屬性
動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。這一使動(dòng)者我們稱之為 邏輯主語(yǔ)，其形式如下：
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made
完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made
進(jìn)行式 （not） to be making
完成進(jìn)行式 （not） to have been making
(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)
如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)）
在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)時(shí)態(tài)
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見(jiàn)到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
④The question was where to get the medicine needed.
以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…h(huán)ow I
could learn…
經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能
一、作賓語(yǔ)
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ；動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
4)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,
pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.
5)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng) 詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
二、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語(yǔ)后面，用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說(shuō)明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒(méi)什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
三、作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
①It＋be＋名詞＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It＋be＋形容詞＋for sb＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)舉例
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
四、作表語(yǔ)
不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi) 來(lái)。
五、作定語(yǔ)
⒈不定式作定語(yǔ)
不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：
(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例①）。
(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例④）。
(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例②）。
(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
六、作狀語(yǔ)
1）目的狀語(yǔ)
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。
舉例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。
典型例題
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)的例句 -
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勢(shì)雄13578131846： 求動(dòng)詞不定式的短語(yǔ) 高考的 全部 -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 1. 希望做某事hope to do sth. 2. 決定做某事decide to do sth. 3. 同意做某事agree to do sth. 4. 需要某人做某事need to do sth. 5. 使用某物做某事use sth to do sth 6. 迫不及待做某事can't wait to do 7. 準(zhǔn)備做某事get/be ready to do 8. 盡力/努力做某...
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 英語(yǔ)不定式語(yǔ)法 -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的主要功能是做謂語(yǔ),而動(dòng)詞不定式不能作謂語(yǔ),所以叫動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式.動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種形式,一是帶to的不定式,一是不帶to的不定式,后者都由動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成. 不定式有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài).如: 一般式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):...
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 求高手!!!!!舉動(dòng)詞不定式做直接賓語(yǔ)的例子!!!!!!!!!! -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 你和我一樣學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)的像學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)一樣= = 我看了看語(yǔ)法書 只寫了不定式可以做賓語(yǔ) 沒(méi)有區(qū)分直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) = = 如果碰到這種句子I ask him to do the job 這時(shí)候做的是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)了 是主謂關(guān)系 不用翻to to這里叫動(dòng)詞不定式 只起語(yǔ)法作用 沒(méi)有意思
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 求初中階段所有英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式 -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式整理集錦 一、作主語(yǔ),可以用it代替,it叫形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語(yǔ) 1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It's dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表語(yǔ) My idea ...
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 求初中后常跟不定式的動(dòng)詞 -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 我們學(xué)過(guò)的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 初中是這樣的
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 動(dòng)詞不定式... -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞,由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,但在有些情況下to可以省略.它還是屬于動(dòng)詞,本身可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,而且有完成式、進(jìn)行式、完成進(jìn)行...
勢(shì)雄13578131846： 什么單詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式..跪求..初中學(xué)過(guò)的..各位老大幫幫忙.謝謝了! -
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ see afford. aim. appear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeavor .hope. fail . happen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake.
動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。這一使動(dòng)者我們稱之為 邏輯主語(yǔ)，其形式如下：
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made
完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made
進(jìn)行式 （not） to be making
完成進(jìn)行式 （not） to have been making
(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)
如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)）
在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)時(shí)態(tài)
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見(jiàn)到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
④The question was where to get the medicine needed.
以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…h(huán)ow I
could learn…
經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能
一、作賓語(yǔ)
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ；動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
4)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,
pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.
5)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng) 詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
二、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語(yǔ)后面，用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說(shuō)明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒(méi)什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
三、作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
①It＋be＋名詞＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It＋be＋形容詞＋for sb＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)舉例
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
四、作表語(yǔ)
不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi) 來(lái)。
五、作定語(yǔ)
⒈不定式作定語(yǔ)
不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：
(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例①）。
(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例④）。
(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例②）。
(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
六、作狀語(yǔ)
1）目的狀語(yǔ)
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。
舉例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。
典型例題
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
求各位大神給我一些動(dòng)詞不定式的例子和用法……
有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ),如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。 Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。 三、作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),其位置有以下兩種: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: ...
求英語(yǔ)大神,舉三個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式的例子!
1、To learn english well ,you have to practise every day. (不定式做主語(yǔ))2、Do you want something to eat? (不定式做后置定語(yǔ))3、My goal is to get the first prize. (不定式做表語(yǔ))
請(qǐng)問(wèn)英語(yǔ)中不定式作賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)如何區(qū)分?請(qǐng)各位大神講解一下并給幾個(gè)...
在英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通常是跟在一些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：afford to do sth. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起做某事 ，agree to do sth. 贊同做某事 ，arrange to do sth.布置做某事，ask to do sth. 要求做某事，beg to do sth. 懇求做某事，care to do sth. 想要做某事，choose to do ...
英語(yǔ)中不定式的兩種句式的意義和用法技巧,望大神解答。謝謝。
不定式主要有兩個(gè)用法：一表目的：e.g. I go to school to study."去學(xué)校是為了去學(xué)習(xí)"e.g. To get a good mark, he studied hard."為了得一個(gè)好分?jǐn)?shù)，他努力學(xué)習(xí)"二表將來(lái)(發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后)：e.g. The building is to be built next year "這棟樓要明年才建"The dishes need...
求大神:為什么有的不定式要省略to? 不要說(shuō)是習(xí)慣用法啊
在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式通常省去to。常見(jiàn)的感官動(dòng)詞包括feel、hear、see、notice、listen(to)、look at、smell、observe、watch(注視、觀看)、overhear(偷聽(tīng))、perceive(觀察)等。而使役動(dòng)詞則有have、let、make。這些情況下，不定式前面不需要加上to，因?yàn)樗鼈冎苯映洚?dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在help后面...
求英語(yǔ)大神英語(yǔ)什么to do sth doing sth 我都搞不明白,求大神舉例指 ...
一、只能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞：agree(同意)，afford(買得起)，decide(決定)，desire(期盼)，hope(希望)，wish(希望)，fail(失敗)，plan(打算)，pretend(假裝)，promise(許 諾)，refuse(拒絕)，wouldlike(想要)等動(dòng)詞：例：Unluckily，Tomfailedtopasstheexam.Ihavepromisedtoreturnthebookontime.二、只能跟...
求問(wèn),各位大神!定語(yǔ)從句中什么時(shí)候用which 什么時(shí)候用where?如果我弄懂...
1) i don't know where she put it. 我不知道她把它放哪兒了。相當(dāng)于這個(gè)句子 2) i don't know in which place she put it.如果把in which place的in 和place 去掉，which就變成了赤裸裸的充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)了，用于引導(dǎo)一些有“哪”，“哪個(gè)”提問(wèn)的定語(yǔ)從句，比如i don't know which ...
...什么成分?表目的狀語(yǔ)?做定語(yǔ)?做賓補(bǔ)?請(qǐng)教各位大神,謝謝您了~_百度...
to do是動(dòng)詞不定式，在句子中可以作：主、賓、賓補(bǔ)、表、定、狀。也就是說(shuō)：除了不能作謂語(yǔ)之外，可以作各種成分。
be+動(dòng)詞不定式造句,求大神幫忙
比如說(shuō)：Her job is to serve people in a restaurant. 她的工作是在一家餐館當(dāng)服務(wù)生。
我不知道怎樣用非謂語(yǔ),尤其是doing 和 to do,,求大神講解
四、接動(dòng)名詞或者不定式作賓語(yǔ)但意義不同的動(dòng)詞1、remember(記得),forget(忘記),regret(后悔),stop(停止)(1)后接不定式時(shí)指該不定式所表示的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生。例如:Remember to clean your room. 記得打掃房間。(還未打掃,先是remember,之后才clean)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘記要給我付錢了。(尚未付錢...
相關(guān)評(píng)說(shuō)：
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ):I went to swim.其中“to swim”是went(go)的賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ):He took some money to buy a present for her.其中“took some money”是謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu),“to buy a present for her”整體是他們的目的狀語(yǔ) 有用請(qǐng)采納~
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 1. 希望做某事hope to do sth. 2. 決定做某事decide to do sth. 3. 同意做某事agree to do sth. 4. 需要某人做某事need to do sth. 5. 使用某物做某事use sth to do sth 6. 迫不及待做某事can't wait to do 7. 準(zhǔn)備做某事get/be ready to do 8. 盡力/努力做某...
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的主要功能是做謂語(yǔ),而動(dòng)詞不定式不能作謂語(yǔ),所以叫動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式.動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種形式,一是帶to的不定式,一是不帶to的不定式,后者都由動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成. 不定式有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài).如: 一般式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):...
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 你和我一樣學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)的像學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)一樣= = 我看了看語(yǔ)法書 只寫了不定式可以做賓語(yǔ) 沒(méi)有區(qū)分直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) = = 如果碰到這種句子I ask him to do the job 這時(shí)候做的是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)了 是主謂關(guān)系 不用翻to to這里叫動(dòng)詞不定式 只起語(yǔ)法作用 沒(méi)有意思
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式整理集錦 一、作主語(yǔ),可以用it代替,it叫形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語(yǔ) 1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It's dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表語(yǔ) My idea ...
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 我們學(xué)過(guò)的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 初中是這樣的
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞,由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,但在有些情況下to可以省略.它還是屬于動(dòng)詞,本身可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,而且有完成式、進(jìn)行式、完成進(jìn)行...
鄉(xiāng)城縣鑄造： ______ see afford. aim. appear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeavor .hope. fail . happen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake.
