動(dòng)詞不定式在英語中的用法 英語中動(dòng)詞不定式的詳細(xì)用法
動(dòng)詞不定式
英語語法--動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
過去分詞的用法
非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法講解:
Huzhou No. 2 High School
1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),既表示被動(dòng),又表示完成.
(1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作的完成.
(2) He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些過去分詞作表語時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).
(3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山.
過去分詞作表語
【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示動(dòng)作)
(2) The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了.(過去分詞作表語)
【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成, -ing 形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行.有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用 -ing 形式來修飾物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣.
過去分詞作定語
作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,只表完成.
1. 過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況.
2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔,多用于書面語中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功.
3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號(hào).
(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人.
4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).
(2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視.
過去分詞作狀語
1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?這篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語,表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫. 值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng).這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音.
2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given 為過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I ,即 I 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen 為過去分詞作狀語,表"被看",由語境可知,它的邏輯主語必須是城市,而不是"我們",因?yàn)?quot;我們"應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市.)
【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時(shí),前面再加邏輯主語,主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語,這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了.(the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語.)
3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了. (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它來源于原因狀語從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快.( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.
4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.
過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類:
1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌.(過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作heard;)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作found)
2. 表示"致使"意義的動(dòng)詞.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā).
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
【注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.
(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況.
1. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成.
(1) He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了)
2. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷.如:
(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了. (自己的經(jīng)歷)
"with +賓語+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)
"with +賓語+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語補(bǔ)足語.這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間,方式,條件,原因等狀語.例如:
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒.
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
英語語法--動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
7.8 用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：
admit to承認(rèn)， confess to承認(rèn)，
be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于， be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅(jiān)持， turn to開始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
7.9 省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。
舉例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2） Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
7.10 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。
典型例題
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?
---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。
2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。
It’s never too late to mend. (諺語)
改過不嫌晚。
3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I’m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。
2) so kind as to ---勞駕
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。
7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not
"Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干嗎不去度假?
7.14 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)\語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般式 to do to be done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再見到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
7.15 動(dòng)名詞與不定式
1） 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：
動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的
不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的
2） 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。
3） 動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同的有11 組：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
1
to do 在句中做主語，表語。
to see is to believe
2
to do 作定語
i have something to do
3
作賓語
i regreted to tell her the things
4
作賓補(bǔ)
she was elected our manager with a lot to do
英語中的動(dòng)詞不定式短語，
除了不可以在句子中作謂語外，可以充當(dāng)句子的其他很多成分：主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)語等等。
e.g
1.
To
be,
or
not
to
be
,
this
is
a
question.
（主語）
2.
It's
our
duty
to
finish
our
work
every
day.（主語）
3.
Her
job
is
to
clean
the
wall.
（表語）
4.
The
driver
failed
to
see
the
other
car
in
time.
（賓語）
5.
I'd
like
you
to
leave
me
alone
.
（賓語補(bǔ)語）
6.
I
have
much
to
do
.
（定語）
7.
To
learn
English
well
,
he
works
very
hard.
（狀語）
雕從15563225741： 英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法,越多越好 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 不定式有很多式,其中你先掌握一般式哦,如果這些都明白了 我再給你看看其他的.這個(gè)是基礎(chǔ)哦· 不定式一般式就是指“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,其主要用法如下: 1. 表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作.如: We decided to ...
雕從15563225741： 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法?
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 通俗的說,動(dòng)詞不定式就是除了不能做動(dòng)詞用,可以在句子中充當(dāng)任何成分. 比如:主語,賓語,定語,狀語等 英語一個(gè)句子中,一般是不出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或以上動(dòng)詞的,除非用and ,or ,but, because 等詞連接.所以就有了動(dòng)詞+ to + 動(dòng)詞的用法 比如: I want to have a look. Want 是動(dòng)詞,have 也是動(dòng)詞,就不能在一起用,要用不定式
雕從15563225741： 動(dòng)詞不定式在哪種情況下使用 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式在中學(xué)英語中應(yīng)用非常廣泛,一方面在句中可起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用,同時(shí)也可在句中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式一般是to +動(dòng)詞原形,但to有時(shí)要省去.而動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)用不用to,...
雕從15563225741： 英語動(dòng)詞不定式 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式用法解讀動(dòng)詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動(dòng)詞.它在句中起的是名詞.形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語.賓語.定語.狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式是#to +動(dòng)詞原形#,但to有時(shí)要省去.動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí),...
雕從15563225741： 英語的動(dòng)詞不定式 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 一、不定式的基本形式: to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以省略to. 二、 動(dòng)詞不定式的特點(diǎn): (1)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能作謂語. (2)動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語和狀語.動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定...
雕從15563225741： 在英語中,什么叫動(dòng)詞不定式?
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 簡(jiǎn)單地說,就是to+動(dòng)詞原形
雕從15563225741： 動(dòng)詞不定式是什么
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ to do
雕從15563225741： 初三英語學(xué)期動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ ) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise ...
雕從15563225741： 關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ . 動(dòng)詞不定式 http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/grammar/ 7.1 不定式作賓語1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare...
雕從15563225741： 什么時(shí)候用動(dòng)詞不定式~初一英語 -
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式用法匯總 動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)是初中英語課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是中考要考查的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目.動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動(dòng)詞混在一起,掌握起來有困難.下面我們對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納,幫...
英語語法--動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
過去分詞的用法
非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法講解:
Huzhou No. 2 High School
1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),既表示被動(dòng),又表示完成.
(1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作的完成.
(2) He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些過去分詞作表語時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).
(3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山.
過去分詞作表語
【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示動(dòng)作)
(2) The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了.(過去分詞作表語)
【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成, -ing 形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行.有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用 -ing 形式來修飾物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣.
過去分詞作定語
作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,只表完成.
1. 過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況.
2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔,多用于書面語中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功.
3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號(hào).
(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人.
4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).
(2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視.
過去分詞作狀語
1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?這篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語,表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫. 值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng).這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音.
2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given 為過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I ,即 I 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen 為過去分詞作狀語,表"被看",由語境可知,它的邏輯主語必須是城市,而不是"我們",因?yàn)?quot;我們"應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市.)
【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時(shí),前面再加邏輯主語,主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語,這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了.(the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語.)
3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了. (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它來源于原因狀語從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快.( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.
4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.
過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類:
1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌.(過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作heard;)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作found)
2. 表示"致使"意義的動(dòng)詞.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā).
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
【注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.
(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況.
1. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成.
(1) He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了)
2. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷.如:
(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了. (自己的經(jīng)歷)
"with +賓語+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)
"with +賓語+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語補(bǔ)足語.這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間,方式,條件,原因等狀語.例如:
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒.
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
英語語法--動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.1 不定式作賓語
1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
舉例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2）動(dòng)詞+不定式 ； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3） 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。
7.2 不定式作補(bǔ)語
1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例題:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。
2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
典型例題
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。
3) to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。
7.3 不定式主語
1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
7.4 It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)
7.5 不定式作表語
不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6 不定式作定語
不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7 不定式作狀語
1）目的狀語
To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。
2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
典型例題
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。
7.8 用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：
admit to承認(rèn)， confess to承認(rèn)，
be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于， be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅(jiān)持， turn to開始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
7.9 省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式
1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make：
3） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。
注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。
舉例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例題
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。
2） Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。
7.10 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。
典型例題
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?
---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。
2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。
It’s never too late to mend. (諺語)
改過不嫌晚。
3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I’m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。
2) so kind as to ---勞駕
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。
7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not
"Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干嗎不去度假?
7.14 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)\語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
一般式 to do to be done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing
1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再見到你。
2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
7.15 動(dòng)名詞與不定式
1） 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：
動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的
不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的
2） 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。
3） 動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同的有11 組：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
1
to do 在句中做主語，表語。
to see is to believe
2
to do 作定語
i have something to do
3
作賓語
i regreted to tell her the things
4
作賓補(bǔ)
she was elected our manager with a lot to do
英語中的動(dòng)詞不定式短語，
除了不可以在句子中作謂語外，可以充當(dāng)句子的其他很多成分：主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)語等等。
e.g
1.
To
be,
or
not
to
be
,
this
is
a
question.
（主語）
2.
It's
our
duty
to
finish
our
work
every
day.（主語）
3.
Her
job
is
to
clean
the
wall.
（表語）
4.
The
driver
failed
to
see
the
other
car
in
time.
（賓語）
5.
I'd
like
you
to
leave
me
alone
.
（賓語補(bǔ)語）
6.
I
have
much
to
do
.
（定語）
7.
To
learn
English
well
,
he
works
very
hard.
（狀語）
英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法
英語動(dòng)詞不定式的多種用法在句子中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，它能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語，以及與特定形容詞和疑問詞搭配使用。下面詳細(xì)解析這些應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：1. 作主語: 有時(shí)用it代替動(dòng)詞不定式作為主語，如：“在東京這樣的大城市很容易迷路。”("It's easy to get lost in a big city ...
動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)
3、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 可以分為兩種情況：一種是帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)，另一種是主動(dòng)語態(tài)里不帶to，而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)那時(shí)候要加上to 。4、作表語 不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。例句：My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter....
動(dòng)詞不定式的用法總結(jié)
動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，也是各類考試中的常見題型。你知道動(dòng)詞不定式的各種用法嗎？下面是對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式用法的詳細(xì)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。1. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能作為謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成（有時(shí)不帶to）。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是“not...
在英語中動(dòng)詞不定式做定語的用法
在英語中，動(dòng)詞不定式做定語的用法廣泛，通常位于被修飾詞之后，表示一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之后。不定式在句子中可修飾主語、賓語和表語。具體用法如下：1. 修飾主語：不定式可以表示被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)或主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的未來動(dòng)作，例如："The car to be bought is for his sister." 或 "The person to meet...
不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法有哪些?
動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法歸納如下：動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種被動(dòng)式,即一般式和完成式。1、動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I...
英語中的不定式怎么用
英語中的不定式用法：1．作主語 作主語用的動(dòng)詞不定式常常用 it替代，動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如：It's easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo．在東京這樣的大城市容易迷路。It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea．目睹輪船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。2．作賓語 Ind...
動(dòng)詞不定式的一般用法
）4. 作為定語 動(dòng)詞不定式也可以作為定語，例如：She is the first person to arrive.（她是第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。）The book to read is on the shelf.（要讀的書在書架上。）總之，動(dòng)詞不定式在英語語法中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，掌握它的基本用法對(duì)于提高英語的寫作和口語水平都是非常必要的。
動(dòng)詞不定式的用法及歸納
needstoberepaired.（車子需要修理。）在這個(gè)例句中，“toberepaired”表示需要被修理的狀態(tài)。總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞不定式在英語中具有多種用法和功能，包括表示目的、作為主語、賓語、介詞的賓語、形容詞的修飾語、狀語、補(bǔ)語以及被動(dòng)形式。掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的用法能夠幫助我們更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)意思，并豐富我們的語言表達(dá)能力。
初中英語語法動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的功能
這樣用的形容詞有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用不定式 代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.③There is no + doing There is no saying what will happen next.在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)名詞后常帶賓語,相當(dāng)于"It's impossible to…"結(jié)構(gòu).⒊動(dòng)詞不定式和...
動(dòng)詞不定式在英語中的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式在英語中的用法 首頁 在問 全部問題 娛樂休閑 游戲 旅游 教育培訓(xùn) 金融財(cái)經(jīng) 醫(yī)療健康 科技 家電數(shù)碼 政策法規(guī) 文化歷史 時(shí)尚美容 情感心理 汽車 生活 職業(yè) 母嬰 三農(nóng) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 生產(chǎn)制造 其他 日?qǐng)?bào) 日?qǐng)?bào)精選 日?qǐng)?bào)廣場(chǎng) 用戶 認(rèn)證用戶 視頻作者 日?qǐng)?bào)作者 知道團(tuán)隊(duì)...
相關(guān)評(píng)說：
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 不定式有很多式,其中你先掌握一般式哦,如果這些都明白了 我再給你看看其他的.這個(gè)是基礎(chǔ)哦· 不定式一般式就是指“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,其主要用法如下: 1. 表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,即表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作.如: We decided to ...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 通俗的說,動(dòng)詞不定式就是除了不能做動(dòng)詞用,可以在句子中充當(dāng)任何成分. 比如:主語,賓語,定語,狀語等 英語一個(gè)句子中,一般是不出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或以上動(dòng)詞的,除非用and ,or ,but, because 等詞連接.所以就有了動(dòng)詞+ to + 動(dòng)詞的用法 比如: I want to have a look. Want 是動(dòng)詞,have 也是動(dòng)詞,就不能在一起用,要用不定式
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式在中學(xué)英語中應(yīng)用非常廣泛,一方面在句中可起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用,同時(shí)也可在句中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式一般是to +動(dòng)詞原形,但to有時(shí)要省去.而動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)用不用to,...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式用法解讀動(dòng)詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動(dòng)詞.它在句中起的是名詞.形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語.賓語.定語.狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式是#to +動(dòng)詞原形#,但to有時(shí)要省去.動(dòng)詞不定式在具體運(yùn)用時(shí),...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 一、不定式的基本形式: to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以省略to. 二、 動(dòng)詞不定式的特點(diǎn): (1)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能作謂語. (2)動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語和狀語.動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 簡(jiǎn)單地說,就是to+動(dòng)詞原形
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ to do
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ ) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise ...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ . 動(dòng)詞不定式 http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/grammar/ 7.1 不定式作賓語1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare...
曾都區(qū)回風(fēng)： ______ 動(dòng)詞不定式用法匯總 動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)是初中英語課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是中考要考查的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目.動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動(dòng)詞混在一起,掌握起來有困難.下面我們對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納,幫...
