關(guān)系代詞用法there.here.why some作代詞能不能放在介詞后例如，There a
(1)不用that的情況
(a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。 (d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。 (f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí)．
(g) 為了避免重復(fù)．
(h)先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí)，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略 (i) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí) 舉例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？
Who that break the window should be punished．
誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 that必用
1先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾 2是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾 3不定代詞
4先行詞即指人又指物
5被only；the every，no，one of等修飾 6主句有which；who；whom 7there be 句型中
8如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用了which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that 9先行詞在主句中作表語，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語是宜用that that在作賓語時(shí)可省 難點(diǎn)分析
（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況 1、當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修飾時(shí) (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little (that) I can do for you.
注意1：部分時(shí)候that可以省略，如部分例句將that用括號(hào)括住。 注意2：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 2、當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) This is the best film that I have seen.
4、當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only，the same,the last 修飾時(shí)
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5、當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí) (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.當(dāng)在there be句型中，通常情況下用that，不用which
（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1、As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which。 (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3、當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
注意：定語從句such…as …與結(jié)果狀語從句such… that…的區(qū)別：as在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語，賓語；that在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分 (6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.
(7)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.
(三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句
There are very few but understand his idea。 ( but= who don’t ) (五) 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句
1、定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系； 同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語從句
2、定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；
同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分 (1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3、 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語從句不可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位語 (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. ［定語從句］介詞+關(guān)系詞
1）介詞后面的關(guān)系副詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
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