翻譯出師表 《出師表》全文翻譯
師表(原文)
先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也
宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。
將軍向?qū)櫍孕惺缇瑫詴耻娛拢囉糜谖羧眨鹊鄯Q之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。
親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難之間，爾來二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、棉、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感激。
今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言.
譯文：
先帝創(chuàng)立帝業(yè)還沒有完成一半，就中途去世了。現(xiàn)在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吳三國，我們蜀國人力疲憊，物力又很缺乏，這確實(shí)是國家危急存亡的關(guān)鍵時刻。然而，侍衛(wèi)大臣們在宮廷內(nèi)毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在疆場上舍身作戰(zhàn)，這都是因為追念先帝在世時對他們的特殊待遇，想報效給陛下啊。陛下確實(shí)應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取群臣的意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)光大先帝留下的美德，弘揚(yáng)志士們的氣概；不應(yīng)該隨隨便便地看輕自己，言談中稱引譬喻不合大義（說話不恰當(dāng)），以致堵塞忠臣進(jìn)諫勸告的道路。
皇宮的侍臣和丞相府的宮吏都是一個整體，對他們的提升、處分、表揚(yáng)、批評，不應(yīng)該因人而有什么差別。如果有營私舞弊、違犯法律和盡忠行害的人，陛下應(yīng)交給主管的官吏，由他們評定應(yīng)得的處罰或獎賞，用來表明陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理方針。不應(yīng)偏袒徇私，使得宮內(nèi)和宮外有不同的法則。侍中郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、侍郎董允等人，他們都是忠良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和心思忠誠無二，因此先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我認(rèn)為宮中的事情，無論大小，陛下都應(yīng)征詢他們，然后再去實(shí)施，這樣一定能補(bǔ)求欠缺疏漏的地方，獲得更好的效果。將軍向?qū)櫍愿窈蜕疲返鹿ㄜ娛拢瑥那敖?jīng)過試用，先帝稱贊他有才能，因此大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事務(wù)，都應(yīng)與他商量，這樣一定能使軍隊團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，將士才干高的差的、隊伍強(qiáng)的，都能夠得到合理的安排。親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是前漢興隆昌盛的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢所以傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次與我談?wù)撨@些事，沒有一次不對桓、靈二帝感到嘆息、惋惜痛心的。侍中郭攸之、費(fèi)祎，尚書陳震，長史張裔，參軍蔣琬，這些都是忠貞賢良能夠以死報國的忠臣，希望陛下親近他們、信任他們，那么漢室的興隆就指日可待了。
我本來是一介平民，在南陽親自種田，只求能在亂世中暫且保全性命，不奢求在諸侯面前有什么名氣。先帝不因我身世卑微、見識短淺，反而降低自己的身份，三次到草廬里來訪問我，向我征詢對當(dāng)今天下大事的意見，我因此十分感激，于是答應(yīng)先帝愿為他奔走效勞。后來遇到失敗，我在戰(zhàn)敗的時候接到委任，在危難的時候奉命出使東吳，從那時到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)二十一年了。先帝（劉備）知道我謹(jǐn)慎，因此在臨終前把國家大事托付給我（諸葛亮）。自從接受任命以來，我日夜憂慮嘆息，擔(dān)心不能將先帝的托付的事情辦好，有損先帝的圣明。所以我在五月渡過瀘水，深入到荒涼的地方。現(xiàn)在南方已經(jīng)平定，兵器已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備充足，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓舞并率領(lǐng)三軍，向北方平定中原。希望全部貢獻(xiàn)出自己平庸的才能，鏟除奸邪兇惡的曹魏，復(fù)興漢室，回到原來的都城洛陽。這是我用來報答先帝并忠于陛下的職責(zé)的本分。至于對政事的斟酌興廢，進(jìn)獻(xiàn)忠誠的建議，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任。
希望陛下把討伐奸賊、復(fù)興漢室的任務(wù)交給我，如果沒有完成，就請治我重罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有勸勉陛下宣揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就責(zé)備郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢，來揭露他們的過失；陛下自己也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮國家大事，征詢治理國國的好辦法，聽取正確的意見，深切追念先帝的遺訓(xùn)。如果能夠這樣，我就受恩感激不盡了。現(xiàn)在我就要辭別陛下遠(yuǎn)行了，面對奏表熱淚縱橫，不知說了些什么。
英文
The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.
譯文
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢人力缺乏，物力短缺，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來給予陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。 侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里姑且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，多次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知該說什么了。
《出師表》原文及翻譯
出師表(原文)
先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也
宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。
將軍向?qū)櫍孕惺缇瑫詴耻娛拢囉糜谖羧眨鹊鄯Q之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。
親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難之間，爾來二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、棉、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感激。
今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言。
出師表(翻譯)
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢民力困乏，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎敦攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。
侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里茍且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，三次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知說了些什么
前出師表:
出師表（譯文）
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢民力困乏，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎敦攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。 侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里茍且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，三次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知說了些什么。
后出師表:
先帝考慮到蜀漢和曹賊是不能同時存在的，復(fù)興王業(yè)不能偏安一方，所以他才把征討曹賊的大事托付給我。憑著先帝的英明來衡量我的才干，本來他是知道我去征討曹賊，我的才能是很差的，而敵人是強(qiáng)大的。但是不征伐曹賊，他所創(chuàng)建的王業(yè)也會丟掉，坐著等待滅亡，哪里比得上去討伐敵人呢？因此先帝毫不遲疑地把討伐曹賊的事業(yè)托付給我。
我接受遺命以后，每天睡不安穩(wěn)，吃飯不香。想到為了征伐北方的敵人，應(yīng)該先去南方平定各郡，所以我五月領(lǐng)兵渡過瀘水，深入到連草木五谷都不生長的地區(qū)作戰(zhàn)，兩天才吃得下一天的飯。不是我自己不愛惜自己，只不過是想到蜀漢的王業(yè)決不能夠偏安在蜀都，所以我冒著艱難危險來奉行先帝的遺意。可是有些發(fā)議論的人卻說這樣作不是上策。如今曹賊剛剛在西方顯得疲困，又竭力在東方和孫吳作戰(zhàn)，兵法上說要趁敵軍疲勞的時候向他進(jìn)攻，現(xiàn)在正是進(jìn)兵的時候。我恭敬地把一些情況向陛下陳述如下：
高帝象日月一樣英明，謀臣們智謀淵博深遠(yuǎn)，卻是經(jīng)歷過艱險，受過創(chuàng)傷，遭遇危難以后才得到安全，現(xiàn)在陛下未韶趕得上高帝，謀臣不如張良、陳平，卻想采用長期相持的策略來取得勝利，安然平定天下，這是我不理解的第一點(diǎn)。
劉繇、王朗，各自占據(jù)州郡，在談?wù)撊绾尾拍馨踩⑻岢龇N種計謀時，動不動就引用圣賢的話，滿腹都是疑問，胸中塞滿了難題，今年不戰(zhàn)，明年又不出征，使得孫策安然強(qiáng)大起來，于是吞并了江東。這是我不理解的第二點(diǎn)。
曹操的智慧計謀，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過一般人，他用起兵來就好象孫臏、吳起一樣，可是他卻曾在南陽受困，在烏巢處于險境，在祁連山上遭到危險，在黎陽被逼，幾乎在北山失敗，差一點(diǎn)死在潼關(guān)，后來才在表面上穩(wěn)定了一段時間。何況我的才力很弱，卻打算不經(jīng)歷危險來安定天下。這是我不理解的第三點(diǎn)。
曹操五次攻打昌霸沒有獲勝，四次渡過巢湖沒有獲得成功，任用李服，可是李服卻圖謀殺死他，委任夏侯淵，可是夏侯淵卻戰(zhàn)敗身亡。先帝常常稱贊曹操是個有才能的人，他還有這些失誤的地方，何況我才能平庸低下，哪里就一定能獲勝呢？這是我不理解的第四點(diǎn)。
自從我到漢中，其間不過一年罷了，可是卻失去了趙云、陽群、馬玉、閻芝、丁立、白壽、劉邰、鄧銅等人，以及部曲中的首領(lǐng)、屯兵中的將官共七十多人，沖鋒無前的將領(lǐng)，賨、羌民族將士以及散騎、武騎各路騎兵一千多人，這都是幾十年來從四處聚合起來的精銳力量，不是一州所能具有的。如果再過幾年，那就要損失全軍的三分之二，那時拿什么兵力去消滅敵人呢？這是我不理解的第五點(diǎn)。
現(xiàn)在百姓窮困、兵士疲憊，可是戰(zhàn)爭不能停止。戰(zhàn)爭不能停止，那軍隊駐扎下來和去攻打敵人，所付出的辛勞和費(fèi)用正好是相等的。既是這樣，不趁現(xiàn)在考慮攻取北方，卻想用一州之地，去和曹賊長期相持。這是我不理解的第六點(diǎn)。
天下的事情是很難評論斷定的。從前先帝在楚地打了敗仗，在這時，曹操拍手稱快，認(rèn)為天下已被他平定了。以后先帝東邊聯(lián)合吳越，西邊攻取巴蜀，發(fā)兵向北征討，夏侯淵就被殺掉了，這是曹操未曾想到的，而復(fù)興漢朝的大業(yè)將要成功了。后來東吳改變態(tài)度，違背了盟約，關(guān)羽兵敗被殺，先帝又在秭歸失誤，曹丕稱帝，所有的事情都象這樣，很難預(yù)料。我小心謹(jǐn)慎地為國獻(xiàn)出我的一切力量，直到死為止。至于事業(yè)是成功是失敗，進(jìn)行得順利還是不順利，那就不是我的智慧所能夠預(yù)見的了。
出師表英文版 The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.
The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said!
穆董15632456011： 閱讀《出師表》,翻譯下列句子.1、不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失義,以塞忠諫之路也. - ________________________________________________________... -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______[答案] 1、不應(yīng)當(dāng)隨便看輕自己,說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?以致堵塞人們向您竭誠進(jìn)諫的道路. 2、獎懲功過、好壞,不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異. 3、如有做奸邪事情,犯科條法令以及忠心耿耿做好事的人,應(yīng)該交給...
穆董15632456011： 求出師表翻譯 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 先帝創(chuàng)建大業(yè)尚未完成一半?yún)s中途去世,現(xiàn)在天下分成三國,益州地區(qū)困苦窮乏,這實(shí)在是國家危急存亡的時刻.然而在朝中侍衛(wèi)大臣毫不懈怠,在外面忠誠將士舍身忘死,這是因為他們追懷先帝對他們有特殊的恩...
穆董15632456011： 出師表 翻譯 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 譯文:現(xiàn)在要出征遠(yuǎn)行了,面對這樣的奏章,我流下了眼淚,不知道說了些什么.
穆董15632456011： 出師表 常考哪幾句翻譯? -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 親賢臣,遠(yuǎn)小人,此先漢所以興隆也;親小人,遠(yuǎn)賢臣,此后漢所以傾頹也. 最常考的 謝謝采納
穆董15632456011： 急需《出師表》翻譯 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Stil...
穆董15632456011： 求《出師表》4.5.6段字句翻譯 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 第四段: 將軍向?qū)?性行淑均,曉暢軍事,試用于昔日,先帝稱之曰能,是以眾議舉寵為督.(翻譯:將軍向?qū)?性格品行善良平正,通曉軍事,過去任用他的時候,先帝稱贊他能干,所以大家商議推舉他做中部督.)愚以為營中之事,事無大...
穆董15632456011： 翻譯: 1.《出師表》是 - ---時期著名政治家----給后主劉禪寫的一篇表文.陸游曾稱贊道:--- -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 三國,諸葛亮,出師一表真名世,千載誰堪伯仲間,受任于敗軍之際,奉命于危難之間
穆董15632456011： 出師表,這些怎么翻譯 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 去逝時候、時刻特殊厚待圣明的聽聞引用例證來說明事理皇宮中和丞相府中的人賞罰褒貶奸邪、奸詐主管的官員 / 受罰治理選拔 / 給予商量善良平正中部督委屈、降低身份奔走效勞從那時到現(xiàn)...
穆董15632456011： 搞笑翻譯《出師表》 -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 翻譯白話文《出師表》的搞笑: 你亮叔我跟你講幾句:你爸昔時出來混,半道上就給掛了;此刻土地又分成三塊了,益州仿佛咱也罩不住了,這世道眼瞅著要杯具了.可是你爸留下的保鏢還很忠心啊,出去砸場的那些二桿子也都不想要命了,...
穆董15632456011： 出師表的譯文翻譯? -
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半,卻中途去世.現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家,蜀漢民力困乏,這實(shí)在是形勢危急國家存亡的關(guān)鍵時候啊.然而宮廷里侍奉守衛(wèi)的臣子,不敢稍有懈怠;疆場上忠誠有志的將士,舍身...
先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也
宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。
將軍向?qū)櫍孕惺缇瑫詴耻娛拢囉糜谖羧眨鹊鄯Q之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。
親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難之間，爾來二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、棉、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感激。
今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言.
譯文：
先帝創(chuàng)立帝業(yè)還沒有完成一半，就中途去世了。現(xiàn)在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吳三國，我們蜀國人力疲憊，物力又很缺乏，這確實(shí)是國家危急存亡的關(guān)鍵時刻。然而，侍衛(wèi)大臣們在宮廷內(nèi)毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在疆場上舍身作戰(zhàn)，這都是因為追念先帝在世時對他們的特殊待遇，想報效給陛下啊。陛下確實(shí)應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取群臣的意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)光大先帝留下的美德，弘揚(yáng)志士們的氣概；不應(yīng)該隨隨便便地看輕自己，言談中稱引譬喻不合大義（說話不恰當(dāng)），以致堵塞忠臣進(jìn)諫勸告的道路。
皇宮的侍臣和丞相府的宮吏都是一個整體，對他們的提升、處分、表揚(yáng)、批評，不應(yīng)該因人而有什么差別。如果有營私舞弊、違犯法律和盡忠行害的人，陛下應(yīng)交給主管的官吏，由他們評定應(yīng)得的處罰或獎賞，用來表明陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理方針。不應(yīng)偏袒徇私，使得宮內(nèi)和宮外有不同的法則。侍中郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、侍郎董允等人，他們都是忠良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和心思忠誠無二，因此先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我認(rèn)為宮中的事情，無論大小，陛下都應(yīng)征詢他們，然后再去實(shí)施，這樣一定能補(bǔ)求欠缺疏漏的地方，獲得更好的效果。將軍向?qū)櫍愿窈蜕疲返鹿ㄜ娛拢瑥那敖?jīng)過試用，先帝稱贊他有才能，因此大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事務(wù)，都應(yīng)與他商量，這樣一定能使軍隊團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，將士才干高的差的、隊伍強(qiáng)的，都能夠得到合理的安排。親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是前漢興隆昌盛的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢所以傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次與我談?wù)撨@些事，沒有一次不對桓、靈二帝感到嘆息、惋惜痛心的。侍中郭攸之、費(fèi)祎，尚書陳震，長史張裔，參軍蔣琬，這些都是忠貞賢良能夠以死報國的忠臣，希望陛下親近他們、信任他們，那么漢室的興隆就指日可待了。
我本來是一介平民，在南陽親自種田，只求能在亂世中暫且保全性命，不奢求在諸侯面前有什么名氣。先帝不因我身世卑微、見識短淺，反而降低自己的身份，三次到草廬里來訪問我，向我征詢對當(dāng)今天下大事的意見，我因此十分感激，于是答應(yīng)先帝愿為他奔走效勞。后來遇到失敗，我在戰(zhàn)敗的時候接到委任，在危難的時候奉命出使東吳，從那時到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)二十一年了。先帝（劉備）知道我謹(jǐn)慎，因此在臨終前把國家大事托付給我（諸葛亮）。自從接受任命以來，我日夜憂慮嘆息，擔(dān)心不能將先帝的托付的事情辦好，有損先帝的圣明。所以我在五月渡過瀘水，深入到荒涼的地方。現(xiàn)在南方已經(jīng)平定，兵器已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備充足，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓舞并率領(lǐng)三軍，向北方平定中原。希望全部貢獻(xiàn)出自己平庸的才能，鏟除奸邪兇惡的曹魏，復(fù)興漢室，回到原來的都城洛陽。這是我用來報答先帝并忠于陛下的職責(zé)的本分。至于對政事的斟酌興廢，進(jìn)獻(xiàn)忠誠的建議，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任。
希望陛下把討伐奸賊、復(fù)興漢室的任務(wù)交給我，如果沒有完成，就請治我重罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有勸勉陛下宣揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就責(zé)備郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢，來揭露他們的過失；陛下自己也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮國家大事，征詢治理國國的好辦法，聽取正確的意見，深切追念先帝的遺訓(xùn)。如果能夠這樣，我就受恩感激不盡了。現(xiàn)在我就要辭別陛下遠(yuǎn)行了，面對奏表熱淚縱橫，不知說了些什么。
英文
The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.
譯文
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢人力缺乏，物力短缺，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來給予陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。 侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里姑且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，多次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知該說什么了。
《出師表》原文及翻譯
出師表(原文)
先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也
宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。
侍中侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。
將軍向?qū)櫍孕惺缇瑫詴耻娛拢囉糜谖羧眨鹊鄯Q之曰能，是以眾議舉寵為督。愚以為營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優(yōu)劣得所。
親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節(jié)之臣，愿陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆，受任于敗軍之際，奉命于危難之間，爾來二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。此臣所以報先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益，進(jìn)盡忠言，則攸之、棉、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言，則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感激。
今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言。
出師表(翻譯)
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢民力困乏，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎敦攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。
侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里茍且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，三次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知說了些什么
前出師表:
出師表（譯文）
先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半，卻中途去世了。現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家。蜀漢民力困乏，這實(shí)在是危急存亡的時候啊。然而朝中官員在首都毫不懈怠，忠誠有志的將士在外面舍生忘死，是因為追念先帝對他們的特殊厚待，想要在陛下身上報恩啊。實(shí)在應(yīng)該廣泛地聽取意見，發(fā)揚(yáng)先帝遺留下來的美德，振奮有抱負(fù)的人們的志氣，不應(yīng)該隨便看輕自己，說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑挘灾露氯藗冎已詣裰G的道路啊!
皇宮中和丞相府中的人，都是國家的官員；升降官吏，評論人物，不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異。如果有作奸邪事情、犯科條法令，或做了好事對國家有貢獻(xiàn)的，都應(yīng)該交給主管的官員判定他們受罰或者受賞，來顯示陛下公正嚴(yán)明的治理，而不應(yīng)當(dāng)有偏袒和私心，使朝廷內(nèi)外刑賞的法令不同。
侍中侍郎敦攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人，這些都是善良誠實(shí)的人，他們的志向和思慮都忠誠純正，所以先帝把他們選拔出來留給陛下。我以為宮廷中的事情，無論大小，都拿來跟他們商量，然后實(shí)行，就一定能夠補(bǔ)救缺點(diǎn)，防止疏漏，得到更多的成效。
將軍向?qū)櫍愿衿沸猩屏计秸〞攒娛拢^去任用他的時候，先帝稱贊他能干，所以大家商議推舉他做中部督。我認(rèn)為軍營中的事情，都拿來和他商量，就一定能夠使軍中團(tuán)結(jié)和睦，才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排。
親近賢臣，疏遠(yuǎn)小人，這是先漢興旺發(fā)達(dá)的原因；親近小人，疏遠(yuǎn)賢臣，這是后漢傾覆衰敗的原因。先帝在世時，每次和我談?wù)撨@些事情，沒有不對桓、靈二帝的昏庸感到痛心遺憾的。 侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，這些人都是忠貞優(yōu)秀、以死報國的大臣，希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，這樣漢朝的興隆便為時不遠(yuǎn)了。
我本來是個平民，在南陽親自種地，只希望在亂世里茍且保全性命，并不想在諸侯中做官揚(yáng)名。先帝不嫌我身份低微，見識淺陋，不惜降低身份，委屈自己，三次到草廬來探望我，向我詢問當(dāng)代的大事，我因此有所感而情緒激動，就答應(yīng)為先帝奔走效勞。后來遇到挫折，在軍事上失敗的時候接受重任，在危難緊迫的關(guān)頭奉命出使，從那時到現(xiàn)在二十一年了。
先帝知道我辦事謹(jǐn)慎，所以臨終的時候，把國家大事托付給我。我接受命令以來，早晚憂慮嘆息，唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒有成效，而有損于先帝的明察，所以五月渡過瀘水，深入到不長莊稼的荒涼地方。現(xiàn)在南方的叛亂已經(jīng)平定，武器裝備已經(jīng)充足，應(yīng)該勉勵三軍，率領(lǐng)他們北上平定中原。我希望能夠奉獻(xiàn)平庸的才能，去鏟除那些奸邪兇惡的敵人，振興漢朝，遷回舊都洛陽。這是我報答先帝、忠于陛下的職責(zé)。至于考慮朝中政事是否可行，毫無保留地向陛下提出忠誠的勸諫，那是郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的責(zé)任了。
希望陛下把討伐曹魏興復(fù)漢室的任務(wù)交付給我，如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就治我的罪，來告慰先帝在天之靈。如果沒有發(fā)揚(yáng)圣德的忠言，就應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)罰郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等人的怠慢失職，指明他們的過失；陛下也應(yīng)該自行謀劃，征詢治國的良策，認(rèn)識、采納正確的言論，深切追念先帝的遺命。我接受您的恩澤，心中非常激動。
現(xiàn)在我就要遠(yuǎn)離陛下了，面對這份奏表，禁不住流下淚水，也不知說了些什么。
后出師表:
先帝考慮到蜀漢和曹賊是不能同時存在的，復(fù)興王業(yè)不能偏安一方，所以他才把征討曹賊的大事托付給我。憑著先帝的英明來衡量我的才干，本來他是知道我去征討曹賊，我的才能是很差的，而敵人是強(qiáng)大的。但是不征伐曹賊，他所創(chuàng)建的王業(yè)也會丟掉，坐著等待滅亡，哪里比得上去討伐敵人呢？因此先帝毫不遲疑地把討伐曹賊的事業(yè)托付給我。
我接受遺命以后，每天睡不安穩(wěn)，吃飯不香。想到為了征伐北方的敵人，應(yīng)該先去南方平定各郡，所以我五月領(lǐng)兵渡過瀘水，深入到連草木五谷都不生長的地區(qū)作戰(zhàn)，兩天才吃得下一天的飯。不是我自己不愛惜自己，只不過是想到蜀漢的王業(yè)決不能夠偏安在蜀都，所以我冒著艱難危險來奉行先帝的遺意。可是有些發(fā)議論的人卻說這樣作不是上策。如今曹賊剛剛在西方顯得疲困，又竭力在東方和孫吳作戰(zhàn)，兵法上說要趁敵軍疲勞的時候向他進(jìn)攻，現(xiàn)在正是進(jìn)兵的時候。我恭敬地把一些情況向陛下陳述如下：
高帝象日月一樣英明，謀臣們智謀淵博深遠(yuǎn)，卻是經(jīng)歷過艱險，受過創(chuàng)傷，遭遇危難以后才得到安全，現(xiàn)在陛下未韶趕得上高帝，謀臣不如張良、陳平，卻想采用長期相持的策略來取得勝利，安然平定天下，這是我不理解的第一點(diǎn)。
劉繇、王朗，各自占據(jù)州郡，在談?wù)撊绾尾拍馨踩⑻岢龇N種計謀時，動不動就引用圣賢的話，滿腹都是疑問，胸中塞滿了難題，今年不戰(zhàn)，明年又不出征，使得孫策安然強(qiáng)大起來，于是吞并了江東。這是我不理解的第二點(diǎn)。
曹操的智慧計謀，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過一般人，他用起兵來就好象孫臏、吳起一樣，可是他卻曾在南陽受困，在烏巢處于險境，在祁連山上遭到危險，在黎陽被逼，幾乎在北山失敗，差一點(diǎn)死在潼關(guān)，后來才在表面上穩(wěn)定了一段時間。何況我的才力很弱，卻打算不經(jīng)歷危險來安定天下。這是我不理解的第三點(diǎn)。
曹操五次攻打昌霸沒有獲勝，四次渡過巢湖沒有獲得成功，任用李服，可是李服卻圖謀殺死他，委任夏侯淵，可是夏侯淵卻戰(zhàn)敗身亡。先帝常常稱贊曹操是個有才能的人，他還有這些失誤的地方，何況我才能平庸低下，哪里就一定能獲勝呢？這是我不理解的第四點(diǎn)。
自從我到漢中，其間不過一年罷了，可是卻失去了趙云、陽群、馬玉、閻芝、丁立、白壽、劉邰、鄧銅等人，以及部曲中的首領(lǐng)、屯兵中的將官共七十多人，沖鋒無前的將領(lǐng)，賨、羌民族將士以及散騎、武騎各路騎兵一千多人，這都是幾十年來從四處聚合起來的精銳力量，不是一州所能具有的。如果再過幾年，那就要損失全軍的三分之二，那時拿什么兵力去消滅敵人呢？這是我不理解的第五點(diǎn)。
現(xiàn)在百姓窮困、兵士疲憊，可是戰(zhàn)爭不能停止。戰(zhàn)爭不能停止，那軍隊駐扎下來和去攻打敵人，所付出的辛勞和費(fèi)用正好是相等的。既是這樣，不趁現(xiàn)在考慮攻取北方，卻想用一州之地，去和曹賊長期相持。這是我不理解的第六點(diǎn)。
天下的事情是很難評論斷定的。從前先帝在楚地打了敗仗，在這時，曹操拍手稱快，認(rèn)為天下已被他平定了。以后先帝東邊聯(lián)合吳越，西邊攻取巴蜀，發(fā)兵向北征討，夏侯淵就被殺掉了，這是曹操未曾想到的，而復(fù)興漢朝的大業(yè)將要成功了。后來東吳改變態(tài)度，違背了盟約，關(guān)羽兵敗被殺，先帝又在秭歸失誤，曹丕稱帝，所有的事情都象這樣，很難預(yù)料。我小心謹(jǐn)慎地為國獻(xiàn)出我的一切力量，直到死為止。至于事業(yè)是成功是失敗，進(jìn)行得順利還是不順利，那就不是我的智慧所能夠預(yù)見的了。
出師表英文版 The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.
The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions. The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected. General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage. Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling. The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated. I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory. That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers. Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament. I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice. Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said!
出師表原文
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前出師表原文帶拼音：拼音版 先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之于陛下也。誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。宮中府中，俱為一體，陟...
相關(guān)評說：
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______[答案] 1、不應(yīng)當(dāng)隨便看輕自己,說一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?以致堵塞人們向您竭誠進(jìn)諫的道路. 2、獎懲功過、好壞,不應(yīng)該因在宮中或在府中而異. 3、如有做奸邪事情,犯科條法令以及忠心耿耿做好事的人,應(yīng)該交給...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 先帝創(chuàng)建大業(yè)尚未完成一半?yún)s中途去世,現(xiàn)在天下分成三國,益州地區(qū)困苦窮乏,這實(shí)在是國家危急存亡的時刻.然而在朝中侍衛(wèi)大臣毫不懈怠,在外面忠誠將士舍身忘死,這是因為他們追懷先帝對他們有特殊的恩...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 譯文:現(xiàn)在要出征遠(yuǎn)行了,面對這樣的奏章,我流下了眼淚,不知道說了些什么.
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 親賢臣,遠(yuǎn)小人,此先漢所以興隆也;親小人,遠(yuǎn)賢臣,此后漢所以傾頹也. 最常考的 謝謝采納
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Stil...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 第四段: 將軍向?qū)?性行淑均,曉暢軍事,試用于昔日,先帝稱之曰能,是以眾議舉寵為督.(翻譯:將軍向?qū)?性格品行善良平正,通曉軍事,過去任用他的時候,先帝稱贊他能干,所以大家商議推舉他做中部督.)愚以為營中之事,事無大...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 三國,諸葛亮,出師一表真名世,千載誰堪伯仲間,受任于敗軍之際,奉命于危難之間
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 去逝時候、時刻特殊厚待圣明的聽聞引用例證來說明事理皇宮中和丞相府中的人賞罰褒貶奸邪、奸詐主管的官員 / 受罰治理選拔 / 給予商量善良平正中部督委屈、降低身份奔走效勞從那時到現(xiàn)...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 翻譯白話文《出師表》的搞笑: 你亮叔我跟你講幾句:你爸昔時出來混,半道上就給掛了;此刻土地又分成三塊了,益州仿佛咱也罩不住了,這世道眼瞅著要杯具了.可是你爸留下的保鏢還很忠心啊,出去砸場的那些二桿子也都不想要命了,...
港閘區(qū)六桿： ______ 先帝開創(chuàng)的事業(yè)沒有完成一半,卻中途去世.現(xiàn)在天下分裂成三個國家,蜀漢民力困乏,這實(shí)在是形勢危急國家存亡的關(guān)鍵時候啊.然而宮廷里侍奉守衛(wèi)的臣子,不敢稍有懈怠;疆場上忠誠有志的將士,舍身...
